都市再開發事業에 있어서 住民參與에 關한 硏究

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리는 過去 10 여년간 國土空閒에 있어서 많은 變化를 體驗하며 지나왔다. 1960 年代로 부터 推進해 온 經濟開發政策으로 人口의 急運한 都市化로 因하여 人口의 60% 以上이 都市에 居住하며 살게 되었다. 그러나 아무리 새것이라 하여도 세월이 지나면 낡고， 뒤떨어지고， 쓸모가 없거나 제구실을 못하게 되듯 歷史가 오래된 都市는 各種 都市間題를 發生하게 되므로 우리는 都市再開發手法에 依하여 都市의 健康狀顧를 回復시키게 된다. 하지만 都市는 人間을 中心으로 한 物理的 構造와 經濟 및 社會的 活動이 相互補完作用을 하는 有機體이다. 이러한 有機體인 都市에 人口및 産業의 急激한 集中은 旣存의 都市施設로서는 末來에 必要로 하는 社會經濟的인 都市시설이 限界에 이르게 되면 그 都市는 經濟的 衰退住宅 및 建物의 老後化， 環境의 變化를 겪게 되며 이러한 都市地域은 物理的 社會的 機能的인 構遺의 改編이 要求되는 것이다. 그러므로 都市再開發이란 時聞이 흐름으로 變化하는 都市構造나 機龍， 그리고 住民의 삶의 寶의 向上을 위한 要求라는 새로운 都市서비스 需要를 充足시켜 주는 綜合的인 開發技術이다.
그러나， 우리는 週去 科學的 管理法과 能率性을 지나치게 强調한 나머지 住民의 公的生活에 있어서의 自己疎外라는 不行한 結果를 가져왔다. 그러한 理有로 公共目的을 追求하는 集合的 行爲로서의 行政은 주로 政府行政機關에 致中되어 官을 行政의 主體로 하는 行政理輪이 나오게 되자 이러한 現象을 타개하기 위하여 近來에는 行政의 民主性을 제고하기 위하여 參與民主主義라는 用語를 사용하게 되면서 住民參與는 發展되어 와 우리나라에서도 1981 年 7 月 l 日부터 施行된 都市計劃法中 都市計劃에 住民參與를 制度化 시킬것을 文章化시켰다. 이제는 이러한 制度上으로 許容되는 時期에서 住民의 自聲的이고 直接的인 參與를 諸導하여 住民參與度를 높여야 한다.
本 硏究에서는 都市再開發事業에 있어서의 住民參與의 問題點을 認識하여 參與가 이루어지지 않는 原因을 規明하고자 하며 이를 參與케 되는 原因을 살펴봄으로써 올바른 方向으로서의 住民參與로 유도하여 住民參與를 고취시키므로 行政의 根本理念 중의 하나인 民主性을 함양시키고， 官 主導型의 再開發事業을 上向式 住民主導型의 再開發事業으로 보다 效率的이며 民主的인 方向으로 住民參與를 設定하고자 한다.
本 硏究를 展開한 方法은 都市再開發事業에 있어서 住民參與에 관하여 實際的이고 計量的인 分析보다는 지금까지 發表되었던 여러 文獻과 論文을 中心으로 一般的인 理論의 서술적 方法과 統計的 各種 資料를 보충하여 展開하였다. 주로 國內外의 書籍과 論文， 定期刊行物 및 行政機關의 各種 資料등을 調査하여 硏究가 進行되었다.
硏究의 範圍로는 都市再開發事業을 위한 住民參與에 있어서 具體的인 接近方法과 問題點을 밝혀내어 그 改善方法을 硏究하였다.
都市再開發事業에 있어서 住民參與制度의 改善方向을 硏究하는 本 硏究論文에 있어서 構成은 다음과 같이 第5章으로 서술하였다.
第l章에서는 郵市再開發事業에 있어서 住民參與에 관한 問題의 提起 및 目的을 重要하게 說明하고 硏究의 方法과 範圍와 構成을 서술하였다
第2章에서는 參考文獻을 中心으로 一般的인 都市再開發의 槪念과 目標와 必要性， 그리고 都市再開發의 歷史的 發展段階등 理論을 分析하여 서술하였다.
第3章에서는 앞 章과 관련된 住民參與의 槪念과 必要性， 그리고 住民參與의 類形과 機能과 그 效果등의 理論을 參考文獻을 中心으로 一般的인 것을 分析하여 서술하였다.
第4童에서는 우리나라의 都市再開發에 있어서의 住民參與制度의 實態와 그 問題點을 分析하는데 公聽會制度와 委員會制度， 그리고 民願 相談制度와 都市計劃相談室制度와 供覽參與와 意見提出制度 및 班常會 制度의 實態를 分析하고 그 問題點中 再開發計劃立案過程에 있어서 住民參與制度의 缺如 및 住民自治力量의 不足現象, 그리고 委員會制度 의 問題點을 分析하여 서술하였다.
第 5 章에서 는 結論으로서 都市再開發에 있어 서 住民參與制度의 改善 方案을 行政的인 側面으로 權位主義的 行政文化의 脫被 및 民主奉仕行政의 具現과 公開行政風土의 確立과 能率指向的인 行政이념의 緩和， 그리고 새마을運動의 活姓化 및 公務員의 姿勢에 대해서며， 再開發計劃側面으로는 公聽會制度의 據大 및 廣聽活動의 據大方案과 計劃立案過程에서의 住民參與方案, 그리고 委員會制度의 活性化方案에 對하여 論하고， 住民參與의 直接的 側面으로 住民과의 對話促進方案과 住民意識 提高 및 民主住民精神의 함양방안과 班常會를 통한 住民參與制度의 改善方案을 要約 整理하면서 分析하여 서술하였다.
이상과 같이 都市再開發專業에 있어서 住民參與에 관하여 本 硏究는 一般的인 理論을 中心으로 그 問題點과 改善方案올 考察하였다. 이 硏究로 因하여 民主的 住民參與制度의 活性化에 도움이 되길 바라면서 輪하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the past ten years we Koreans have experianced a great deal of changes in this national surface space of the territorial land. In accordance with the national economic development plan that has been promoted since 1960's, the concentration of population into the urban areas along with the urbanization caused the over 60% of the people have come to live in metropolitan cities and other smaller cities.
However, as even the newest things will become deteriorated, outdated or anachronic, and useless or of no practical use as time elapses so as his troy advances the cities will generate or entail various inherent urban problems, therefore, the cities have to recover their sound and healthy state by excution of urban re-development projects.
In this respect cities are organic bodies where physical structures and social-economic activities are being done inter-complementarily among these, principally by human beings. The rapid and fast-growing concentration of population and industries in such an organic cities with the existing structral facilities causes them to reach their funtional limit for the future function as social-economic facilities required cities, thus, the cities have to confront with the problems of obsolete buildings and environmental changes. As a result, such urban areas are in need of re-constructing social and functional structures. Therefore, so-called re-development of urban areas is an intensive and comprehensive developmental technique to meet the demand for new urban serviced for the improvement of urban structures and functions as well as of the betterment in the living quality of the residents, present and future.
Whereas, in Korea during the past few decades scientific management and efficiency have been overemphasized, resulting in such an unhappy and undesirable outcomes or side-effects as the self-alienation of private life of the citizens, etc.
Because of this, the administration as a collective instrumentality seeking for public interests and objectives has been its inportanee mainly centralized on the govermental administrative agencies related organizations has generated administrative theories prevailling and dominant on the administrative neucleus of bureaucracy. In protest of such a bureaueratic phenomenon with a view to reform it and to enhance democratic administration the term "Participative Democracy" has recently come into popular use and thus participation by residents in administration has greatly progressed. As a result, it has been documented and, institu- tionalized to have residents take part in the urban development in the City Planning Law from July 1, 1981. Then from now on the frequency of residents participation must be raised by inducing residents to participate in voluntarily and directly in this institutionally citizens-participation erea.
In this study, the author (hereinafter referred to as "I") in recognition of problems relating to the residents partipation in the urban re-development projects intends to delve into the causes which impede residents participation, and on the contrary to examine causes that may incite the residents to take part in, so that citizens participation maybe oriented towards proper direction to encourage residents to participate in and upgrade democracy which is one of the basic ideologies of the administration. Thus. altering the bureaucratic urban re-development projects from-rank and file-to-top type for effective, democratically rooted resident participation urban re-development projects.
The approach employed for developing this study is to research into by supplementary use of variety of statistical data in addition to the general theoretical description method mainly centered on many literatures and thesis appeared so far. This study has been done, based on the examination of both domestic and foreign books and theories. periodicals, and also various data made public by the competent administrative organizations than on practical and quantitative analysis.
The approach employed for developing this study is to research into by supplementary use of variety of statistical data in addition to the general theoretical description method mainly centered on many literatures and thesis appeared so far. This study has been done, based on the examination of both domestic and foreign books and theories. periodicals, and also various data made public by the competent administrative organizations than on practical and quantitative analysis.
The scope of study includes specific approach and the identification of problematic matters related to the resident participation in the urban re-development, and consequent inprovement methods.
In this study which seeks for the direction for inprovement in the Residents Participation System the contents of the thesis are divided into five Chapters as follows ;
In Chapter I problems related to the residents participation in urban re-development projects are presented and it's purpose is mainly described ;
In Chapter II the general concept, aims, and necessity of urban re-development, based mainly on reference literatures available and theories concerning the historical development stages of urban re-development are described through analysis.
Chapter III deals with the concept, necessity, types, functions and effect of the residents participation in relation to the previous chapter by analysing and describing theoritically, based on relevant liter-ratures.
In Chapter IV systems and institutions, such as Public Hearing Council to identify the present resident participation trend in Korea and to analysis relative problems ; the current situation of civil petitions, urban planning office consultant as well as participation in reading of circular, suggestions, and adjascent neibors (BAN) regular meeting; among the resultant problems lack of Resident Participation and closed hearing, also lack of residents control measures, and insufficient residents autonomy capability ; and problems relative to Concil systems are analized and described.
Finally in the Chapter V in summary the program for improvement of the Resident Participation System is discussed from administrative aspect and from viewpoint of liberation from the traditional authoritative administration culture and the realization of democratic service administrion as well as open admini-stration landscape, and further the activation of the "New Community Movement", and the attlitudes of goverment functionaries on one hand ; and from the standpoint of re-development plan aspect extension of the public hearing systme, expansion measures for audience activities, residents participation during the process of planning, and vitalization of Council Systme are discussed on the other. While from the direct aspect of resid-ents participation. measures for the promotion of conversation with residents, enhancement of residents conciousness, cultivation of democratic spirit of the residents, and the measures for improvement of the "Residents Participation System."
In this study regarding the "Residents Participation System" in Urban Re-development Projects, I have examined discussed the concept and problems related, based mainly on general theories. Thus, I have conducted this study in my sincere aspiration and desire that it may contribute more or less to the vitalization of the i1Democratic Residents Participation System" now burgeoning in Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次 = ⅰ
• 第1章 序論 = 1
• 第1節 問題의 提起 및 硏究의 目的 = 1
• 第2節 範圍 및 方法 = 6
• 第2章 都市再開發의 理論的 考察 = 8
• 第1節 都市再開發의 槪念 = 8
• 第2節 都市再開發의 目標와 必要性 = 11
• 第3節 都市再開發의 歷史的 發展段階 = 14
• 第3章 住民參與의 理論的 考察 = 17
• 第1節 住民參與의 槪念과 必要性 = 17
• 第2節 住民參與의 類型 = 23
• 第3節 住民參與의 機能과 效果 = 33
• 第4章 우리나라의 都市再開發에 있어서의 住民參與 = 42
• 第1節 主民參與制度의 實態 = 42
• 1) 公聽會制度 (公開聽問會)와 委員會制度 = 47
• 2) 民類相談制度와 都市計劃相談室制度 = 57
• 3) 供覽參與와 意見提出制度 및 班常會制度 = 58
• 第2節 住民參與制度의 問題點 = 68
• 1) 再開發計劃立案過程에 있어서 住民參與制度의 缺如 및 非公開 = 70
• 2) 計劃執行過程의 住民統制手段의 缺如 및 住民自治力量의 不足 = 71
• 3) 委員會制度의 問題點 = 72
• 第5章 結論 : 都市再開發에 있어서 住民參與制度의 改善方案 = 74
• 第1節 行政的인 側面 = 75
• 1) 權位主義的 行政文化의 脫被 및 民主奉仕 行政의 具現 = 75
• 2) 公開行政風土의 確立과 能率指向的인 行政理念의 緩和 = 77
• 3) 새마을運動의 活性化 및 公務員의 姿勢 = 78
• 第2節 再開發計劃 側面 = 80
• 1) 公聽會制度의 擴大 및 廣聽活動의 擴大方案 = 80
• 2) 計劃立案過程에서의 住民參與方案 = 82
• 3) 委員會制度의 活性化方案 = 84
• 第3節 住民參與의 直接的 側面 = 85
• 1) 住民과의 對話促進方案 = 85
• 2) 住民意識提高 및 民主住民精神의 함양방안 = 86
• 3) 班常會를 通한 住民參與制度의 改善方案 = 87
• 參考文獻 = 91
• 國文要約 = 98
• 英文要約 = 102
• 感謝의 글 = 109