상담자 즉시성의 유형, 사용 이유 및 내담자의 반응 = Types of Therapist Immediacy, Reasons for Using it, and Client Reactions

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 우리나라 상담자들이 사용하는 즉시성의 유형과 사용 이유를 살펴보고 상담자 즉시성에 대한 내담자들의 반응을 확인하였다. 연구를 위해 서울과 경기도에 소재한 대학상담센터 및 사설상담기관에서 근무하는 7명의 상담자들이 참여하였고, 실제 내담자 또는 상담심리학 수업에서 상담을 자원한 학부생 등 총 20명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 246회기 중 116회기에 해당하는 자료를 합의적 질적 연구(consensual qualitative research: CQR) 방식으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 18개 유형의 상담자 즉시성이 도출되었고, 상담과정에 대한 언급, 상담자-내담자 관계에 대해 직접적으로 언급하고 표현하기, 돌보고 있음을 표현하기 등이 빈번하게 보고되었다. 상담자가 즉시성을 사용한 주된 이유는 상담에 대한 기대와 성과에 대해 확신을 심어주기 위해, 내담자를 돌보고 격려하고 지지하기 위해, 내담자로 하여금 대인관계 패턴을 인식하도록 돕기 위한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 상담경력에 따라 상담자의 즉시성 사용 양상을 비교한 결과, 상담경력이 많은 집단에서 즉시성 사용 빈도가 높을 뿐 아니라 보다 다양한 반응을 유연하게 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 상담자 즉시성에 대해 내담자는 최소한으로 반응하거나, 경미하게 저항 또는 방어하거나, 생산적으로 탐색하는 등 총 10개의 반응이 보고되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study examined types of therapist immediacy by therapist clinical experience, reasons for using it, and client responses with a sample of 7 certified counselors and 20 assigned clients. In-depth qualitative examinations through consensual qualitative research (CQR) methodology identified 18 types of therapist immediacy and 10 types of client behaviors in immediacy events. The main types of therapist immediacy were mentioning about counseling process, drawing parallels between external and therapy relationships, and expressing care for the client. Therapist used immediacy in an attempt to give feelings of direction to the client, to support the client, and to help the client realize his/her relationship patterns. More experienced therapists used more diverse immediacy responses more frequently than did less experienced therapists. In response to therapist immediacy, client participants in the present study most often gave minimal response, were mildly resistant/defensive, or productively explored.

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