질적 연구의 지적 전통으로서 포스트모더니즘: 그 방법적 이슈들 = Postmodernism as new intellectual tradition of qualitative research: Methodological issues

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Qualitative Researchers in the West have recently applied ideas of postmodernism to theorization of qualitative research. As a result, a new intellectual tradition called "postmodern qualitative research" has emerged across disciplines, and therefore has enabled qualitative researchers to interpret and practice qualitative research works with new methodological concepts. However, the idea of postmodernism in qualitative research has not been intensively discussed in Korean context. There are lack of research on implications and usefulness of postmodern methodological issues in qualitative research.
Under this circumstance, there is a need to discuss the concept of postmodern qualitative research, and to suggest its implications. For this purpose, the former part of this paper discusses the basic premise of postmodernism through four major themes: (1) rejection of meta-narratives; (2) construction of truth, and reality; (3) doubt of complete representation; (4) close relationship between knowledge and power. Based on these four ideas, the latter part of the paper discusses the methodological issues: (1) qualitative research as pursuit of local knowledge; (2) self-reflexivity; (3) multi-vocality.
As a conclusion, the methodological ideas were suggested for general research acts when qualitative researcher write and present their research works and results.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

포스트모더니즘은 질적 연구의 이론화에 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 최근 평가되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 질적 연구의 지적 전통으로서 새롭게 부상한 포스트모더니즘이 질적 연구의 방법적 이론화에 어떤 문제의식과 연구주제 그리고 시사점을 제공해 주고 있는지를 분석하고자 하였다.
이에 연구의 첫 번째 내용으로서 포스트모더니즘의 주요 가정과 전제를 체계적으로 정리하고자 하였다. 그 결과로 포스트모더니즘의 철학적 전제를 다음 네 가지로 도출하였다: (1) 메타내러티브의 거부, (2) 진리와 실재의 구성, (3) 재현의 불가능성, (4) 권력과 지식의 유착. 연구의 두 번째 내용으로서 이러한 포스트모더니즘의 이론적 가정과 전제가 질적 연구에 어떤 방법적 이슈들을 제기하고 있는지를 개념화시켰다. 포스트모더니즘으로부터 얻을 수 있는 질적 연구의 방법적 실천 아이디어들은 다음 세 가지로 정리될 수 있었다: (1) 국지적·맥락적 지식의 탐색, (2) 자기반성(Self-Reflexivity), (3) 다성성(Multivocality).
질적 연구에서 이러한 세 개의 방법적 이슈들은 우리나라에서 아직은 심도 있게 연구되지 않고 있다는 점에서 그 내용들을 소개할 필요가 있다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 전영백, "후기구조주의와 포스트모더니즘" 조형교육 2005

2 이광래, "해체주의와 그 이후" 열린책들 2007

3 김영천, "포스트모던 패러다임과 교육학/교육과정 연구" 아카데미프레스 2011

4 이경준, "특수체육 질적연구 패러다임들의 기여와 한계" 한국특수체육학회 19 (19): 83-101, 2011

5 김영천, "질적연구에서의 글쓰기: 문학적 표현양식들의 이해" 중등교육연구소 56 (56): 187-222, 2008

6 김영천, "질적연구방법론 III" 아카데미프레스 2010

7 김영천, "질적/후기 실증주의 연구작업에서 고려해야 할 방법적 이슈들" 14 (14): 41-72, 1996

8 이혁규, "질적 연구의 타당성 문제에 대한 고찰" 한국교육인류학회 7 (7): 175-210, 2004

9 배은주, "질적 연구의 최근 동향과 그 의미" 한국교육인류학회 11 (11): 1-27, 2008

10 김영천, "질적 연구의 지적 전통과 그 예" 35 (35): 225-251, 1997

11 김선아, "질적 연구에서 자기 성찰의 의미와 방법 - 미술교육 연구방법론적 탐구 -" 한국조형교육학회 (33) : 39-57, 2009

12 강은영, "예술기반 교육연구 방법론에 관한 고찰" 한국예술교육학회 7 (7): 45-59, 2009

13 문재은, "셀린의 『밤의 끝으로의 여행』에 나타난 문체적 특징으로서의 다성성(plurivocalisme)" 세계문학비교학회 30 (30): 201-221, 2010

14 김영천, "네 학교 이야기" 문음사 1997

15 홍성민, "권력과 지식. 미셸 푸코와의 대담" 나남신서 1991

16 조재식, "교육학/교육과정 연구에서 질적 연구자가 고려해야하는 타당도 이슈들: 그 다양한 접근들의 이해" 한국교육과정학회 24 (24): 61-96, 2006

17 이정우, "개념뿌리들 2" 철학아카데미 2004

18 유혜령, "‘포스트’ 시대 질적 연구방법론의 경향과 논리: 해체와 생성의 패러다임" 한국유아교육학회 31 (31): 511-534, 2011

19 Richardson, R., "Writing strategies : Reaching diverse audiences" Sage Publications 1990

20 Clifford, J., "Writing culture : The poetics and politics of ethnography" University of California Press 1986

21 Pierre, E., "Working the ruins : Feminist poststructural theory and methods in education" Routledge 2000

22 Lopez, G., "Windows/vebtabbas : A postmodern re-Presentation of children in migrancy" 34 (34): 397-426, 1998

23 Reinharz, S., "Who am I? The need for a variety of selves in fieldwork, In Reflexivity and voice" Sage 1997

24 Sullivan, M. A., "Voices Insides Schools" Hard College 70 (70): 2000

25 Jackson, A., "Voice in qualitative inquiry : Challenging conventional, interpretive, and critical conceptions in qualitative research" Routledge 2008

26 Crapanzano, V., "Tuhami : Portrait of a moroccan" University of Chicago Press 1980

27 Lather. P., "Troubling the angels: Women living with HIV/ADIS" Westview Press 1997

28 Richardson, L., "Travels with Ernest" Altamira Press 2004

29 Wolf, M., "Thrice-told tale : Feminism, postmodernism, and ethnographic responsibility" Stanford University Press 1992

30 Jackson, A., "Thinking with theory in qualitative research : Viewing data across multiple perspectives" Routledge 2012

31 Geertz, C., "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture, In The Interpretation of Culture" Basic Books 1-32, 1973

32 Bluebond-Langer. M., "The private worlds of dying children" Princeton University Press 1980

33 Lyotard, J. -F., "The postmodern condition : A report on knowledge" Manchester University Press 1984

34 Foucault, M., "The order of things" Ransom House 1970

35 Krieger, S., "The mirror dance : Identity in a women's community" Temple University Press 1983

36 Foucault, M., "The history of sexuality, vol. 1: An introduction" London House 1979

37 Tyler, S., "The Unspeakable : Discourse, dialogue, and rhetoric in the postmodern world" University of Wisconsin Press 1987

38 Richardson, L., "The Consequences of poetic represent, In Investigating subjectivity: Research on lived experience" Sage 125-137, 1992

39 Van Maanen, J., "Tales of the field" University of Chicago Press 1988

40 Naple, N. A., "Standpoint epistemology and the uses of self-reflection in feminist ethnography : Lesson for rural sociology" 65 (65): 194-214, 2000

41 Freeman, M. P., "Rewriting the self : History, memory, narrative" Routledge 1993

42 Scheurich, J., "Research method in the postmodern" Routledge 1997

43 Steir, R., "Research and reflexivity" Sage 1991

44 Allan, H., "Reflexivity : A comment on feminist ethnography" 2 (2): 455-467, 1997

45 Alvesson, M., "Reflexive methodology" Sage 2000

46 Davies, C. D., "Reflexive ethnography" Routledge 2007

47 Rabinow, P., "Reflections on fieldwork in morocco" University of California Press 2007

48 Mason, J., "Qualitative researching" SAGE Publication, Inc 1996

49 Traver, M., "Qualitative research through case studies" Sage Publications 2001

50 Cooper, K., "Qualitative research in the post-modern era" Sprimger 2012

51 Gergen, M., "Qualitative inquiry, In The handbook of qualitative research" SAGE Publication 1025-1045, 2000

52 Megill, A., "Prophets of extremity : Nietzsche, Heidegger, Foucault, Derrida" University of California Press 1985

53 Foucault, M., "Power/knowledge" Pantheon 1980

54 Cherryholmes, Cleo H., "Power and criticism : Poststructural investigation in education" Teachers College Press 1988

55 Pierre, E., "Poststructural feminism in education : An overview" 13 (13): 477-515, 2000

56 Alvesson, M., "Postmodernism and social research" Open University Press 2002

57 Derrida, J., "Positions" The University of Chicago Press 1981

58 Prendergast, M., "Poetic inquiry" Sens Publishers 2009

59 Hamera, J., "Performance ethnography, In The handbook of qualitative research (4th ed.)" SAGE Publication 317-330, 2011

60 Denzin, N. K., "Performance ethnography : Critical pedagogy and the politics of culture" Sage 2003

61 Gottlieb, A., "Parallel worlds" University Chicago Press 1994

62 Watt, D., "On becoming a qualitative researcher : The value of reflexivity" 12 (12): 82-101, 2007

63 Derrida, J., "Of grammatology. Corrected edition" Johns Hopkins Press 1997

64 Shostak, M., "Nisa" Harvard University Press 2000

65 Kiesinger, E. C., "My father's shoes, In Ethnographically speaking: Autoethnography, literature and aesthetics" Altamira 95-114, 2002

66 Pierre, E., "Methodology in the fold and the irruption of transgressive data" 10 (10): 175-189, 1997

67 Geertz, C., "Local knowledge" Basic Books 1983

68 Eagleton, T., "Literary theory : An introduction" University of Minnesota Press 1983

69 Foucault, M., "Language, counter-memory" Conell University Press 1980

70 Austin, D., "Kalesidoscope, In Composing ethnography" AltaMira Press 206-230, 1996

71 Anderson, E., "Jelly's place" 26 (26): 217-237, 2003

72 Mazzei, L., "Inhabited silence in qualitative research" Peter Lang Publishing 2007

73 Lather, P., "Getting smart : Feminist research and pedagogy with/ in postmodern" Routledge 1991

74 Lather, P., "Getting lost" State University of New York Press 2007

75 Communication Studies 298, "Fragments of self at the postmodern bar" 26 (26): 251-292, 1997

76 Baudrillard, J., "For a Critique of the political economy of the sign" Telos Press Publishing 1981

77 Richardson, L., "Fields of play" Ruters University Press 1997

78 Harding, S., "Feminist, science, and the anti-enlightenment critiques, In Feminism/postmodernism" Routledge 1990

79 Fontana. A., "Ethnographic trend in the postmodern era, In Postmodernism and social inquiry" Routledge 203-223, 2004

80 Stronach, I., "Educational research undone : The postmodern embrace" Open University Press 1997

81 Wax, R., "Doing fieldwork : Warnings and advice" University Of Chicago Press 1986

82 Favret-Saadas, J., "Deadly words" Cambridge University Press 1981

83 Loevinge, J., "Confessions of an iconoclast" 79 (79): 171-194, 2002

84 Allen, J. C., "Condor qatay" Walveland Press 1997

85 Dunlop, R., "Boundary bay" Stcccato Chapbooks 1999

86 Espeland, W., "Blood and Money: Exploiting the embodied self, In The existential self" University of Chicago Press 131-155, 1984

87 Leggo, C., "Astonishing ailence, In Handbook of the qualitative research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples, and issues" Sage 165-174, 2007

88 Marcus, G. E., "Anthropology as cultural critique : An experimental moment in the human science" University of Chicago press 1999

89 Sarup, M., "An introductory guide to post-structuralism and post-modernism" Harvester Wheatsheaf 1988

90 Feyerabend, P., "Against method" Verso 1975