In this study, the applicability of pile-type PRB as a method for the prevention and remediation of contaminated groundwater was studied. The factors affecting the performance of pile-type PRB in a single well were evaluated using sensitivity analysis...
In this study, the applicability of pile-type PRB as a method for the prevention and remediation of contaminated groundwater was studied. The factors affecting the performance of pile-type PRB in a single well were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. A design for multi-transect pile-type PRB considering construction constraints (well spacing, well diameter) and heterogeneity of aquifer was proposed and evaluated for its performance. Groundwater flow and solute transports were simulated using numerical modeling program, MODFLOW, MODPATH, and MT3D, and the performance of pile-type PRB was evaluated based on the results. The design factors affecting the contaminant removal efficiency of the pile-type PRB include the hydraulic conductivity difference of the aquifer and the reactive material in the PRB, the diameter of the well, and reactivity of reactive material. As the difference in hydraulic conductivity between the surrounding aquifer and reactive material increases, the capture zone of pile-type PRB increases, but converges from a certain level (about 25 times). The effect of the diameter of the well was that the capture zone of the pile-type PRB had about 1.7 times the diameter of the well.
For designing configurations of pile-type PRB system for remediation of contaminated groundwater and prevention of contaminants spreading, it is necessary to consider the construction constraints relevant to the stability of wells. Multiple transect configurations with saw-tooth arrays were proposed considering the construction constraints such as well diameter and well spacing between adjacent wells. We developed a performance curve of contaminant removal efficiency of pile-type PRB system according to well spacing and multiple transect configurations. The performance curve allows the selection of configurations of pile-type PRB system including single or multiple transect, according to the target removal efficiency of contaminants and the construction constraints such as well spacing and well diameter. For a given contaminated region, the single transect pile-type PRB system can be complemented by the multi-transects configuration with higher efficiency for preventing contaminant spreading without increasing the number of wells. The probabilistic modeling was conducted to estimate the effect of heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity on the pollution prevention efficiency of a PRB system. Based on the distribution of removal efficiency, the safety factor could be determined against heterogeneity of aquifer permeability. These results are expected to be used effectively to optimize well diameter, well spacing of pile-type PRB system and the number of wells to install.
Longevity of reactive material was estimated by considering sorption parameters of Langmuir model. The removal efficiency of reactive material over time was analyzed by considering sorption parameters, and the result was compared with the target remediation level to estimate the longevity of reactive material. This method can be helpful in estimating the replacement cycle of reactive material considering longevity of reactive material during operation of pile-type PRB.