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      중국에서 본 글로벌 기업의 영업실적 및 재무적 특정 = Operating performance and financial characteristics of born global firms in China

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      국문 초록 (Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      1980년대 이후 경제적 세계화와 기술혁신은 국제비즈니스를 그 어느 때보다도 편리하게 만들었고, 이로 인해 국제비즈니스 환경이 크게 개선되었으며, 새로운 국제비즈니스 모델이 많이 등장하고 있다. 국제 비즈니스는 더 이상 규모가 크고 성숙한 기업에만 국한되지 않는다. 일부 중소 스타트업은 설립 초기부터 국제 운영 활동을 수행하기 시작한다.이러한 새로운 유형의 국제화 기업을 본 글로벌 기업 (Born global firms) 이라고 한다.
      본 논문은 문헌고찰을 통해 국제화 관련 이론들과 본 논문의 실증연구에 이론적 토대를 제공하는본 글로벌 기업 의 관련 연구 결과들을 정리하였다. 문헌은 본 글로벌 현상이 지난 30년 동안 규모와 속도가 증가하여 세계 경제 무대에서 점점 더 중요한 현상이되고 초국가 적인 비즈니스에 대한 이전의 관점을 도전 이 돼 다. 전통적인 국제화된 기업들은 국제시장의 다양한 불확실성으로 인한 위험을 피하기 위해 초국가적 활동을 시작하기 전에 점차 국제시장에 대한 지식과 경험을 충분히 축적하지 않더라도 국내시장에서 사업을 시작한다.본 글로벌 패턴은 전통적인 국제화 모델과는 다르며, 그들은 설립 초기부터 신속하게 국제시장에 진출하여 곧 영업 이익을 낸다. 글로벌 비전과 국제적 배경, 혁신적인 제품을 개발할 수 있는 독특한 자원과 마케팅 네트워크를 가진 기업가들은 본 글로벌 기업의 중요한 특성이다.그러나 작은 규모와 부족한 자원이라는 부채로 인해 본 글로벌 기업들이 국제시장에 일찍 노출되면 더 큰 위험에 처하게 되기도 한다. 문헌을 통해 본 글로벌기업의 국제화 과정에서 무형자원, 기술혁신, 시장네트워크 등의 내부요인이보다 중요한 역할을하고 있음을 알 수 있다.
      본 논문은 2012년부터 2019년까지의 8년 패널 데이터와 2017년부터 연간 횡단면 데이터 두 가지 데이터를 이용하여 중국에서 탄생한 글로벌 기업과 전통적인 단계 모델을 채택한 국제 기업 비교한다. 본 논문은 글로벌화 과정에서 지식자원과 중국 의 글로벌기업의 국제화 정도 및 성과와의 관계를 연구한다. 한편, 본 논문은 수익성, 안정성, 활동성, 성장성, 주식시장 성과 및 기타 관련 재무성과들의 비교분석을 통해 중국 의 글로벌기업의 재무적 특성을 제시한다. 패널자료로는 다변량 Logit모형과 다변량 Regression모형을 사용하였다.횡단면 자료는 ANOVA를 이용하여 분석하였다.
      본 연구 결과 본 글로벌 기업은 전통적인 국제화기업과 비교하여 경영실적 면에서 결코 더 우수하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.세계화 전략이 중국에서 태어난 국제회 기업 들에게 더 높은 이익을 가져다주지는 못했다. '본 글로벌 기업'의 혁신 능력과 조직 학습 능력은 초기 빠른 국제화 모델과 관계가 뚜렷하지 않다. 시장 네트워크 능력은본 글로벌 기업 의 빠른 국제화에 촉진 작용을 가지고 있다. 본 글로벌 기업의 DOI는 연구개발 (R&D) 투자, 무형자산, 학습능력과는 관련이 없지만 DOI 가 높아질수록 고객 집중도도 커진다.수익성, 안정성, 활동성, 성장성과 주식시장의 실적을 평가하는 재무실적 지표를 비교 분석한 결과, 중국 현지 글로벌기업의 수익성, 지불능력, 성장성과 주식시장의 실적은 모두 전통적인 국제화 기업보다 못한 것으로 나타났다. 본 글로벌 기업 들은 빚은 더 많이 졌지만 지불 능력은 더 낮다.자기자본 증가율, 총자산 증가율, 유동자산 증가율, P/BV와 토빈 는 모두 전통적인 국제화 기업보다 낮다.
      번역하기

      1980년대 이후 경제적 세계화와 기술혁신은 국제비즈니스를 그 어느 때보다도 편리하게 만들었고, 이로 인해 국제비즈니스 환경이 크게 개선되었으며, 새로운 국제비즈니스 모델이 많이 등...

      1980년대 이후 경제적 세계화와 기술혁신은 국제비즈니스를 그 어느 때보다도 편리하게 만들었고, 이로 인해 국제비즈니스 환경이 크게 개선되었으며, 새로운 국제비즈니스 모델이 많이 등장하고 있다. 국제 비즈니스는 더 이상 규모가 크고 성숙한 기업에만 국한되지 않는다. 일부 중소 스타트업은 설립 초기부터 국제 운영 활동을 수행하기 시작한다.이러한 새로운 유형의 국제화 기업을 본 글로벌 기업 (Born global firms) 이라고 한다.
      본 논문은 문헌고찰을 통해 국제화 관련 이론들과 본 논문의 실증연구에 이론적 토대를 제공하는본 글로벌 기업 의 관련 연구 결과들을 정리하였다. 문헌은 본 글로벌 현상이 지난 30년 동안 규모와 속도가 증가하여 세계 경제 무대에서 점점 더 중요한 현상이되고 초국가 적인 비즈니스에 대한 이전의 관점을 도전 이 돼 다. 전통적인 국제화된 기업들은 국제시장의 다양한 불확실성으로 인한 위험을 피하기 위해 초국가적 활동을 시작하기 전에 점차 국제시장에 대한 지식과 경험을 충분히 축적하지 않더라도 국내시장에서 사업을 시작한다.본 글로벌 패턴은 전통적인 국제화 모델과는 다르며, 그들은 설립 초기부터 신속하게 국제시장에 진출하여 곧 영업 이익을 낸다. 글로벌 비전과 국제적 배경, 혁신적인 제품을 개발할 수 있는 독특한 자원과 마케팅 네트워크를 가진 기업가들은 본 글로벌 기업의 중요한 특성이다.그러나 작은 규모와 부족한 자원이라는 부채로 인해 본 글로벌 기업들이 국제시장에 일찍 노출되면 더 큰 위험에 처하게 되기도 한다. 문헌을 통해 본 글로벌기업의 국제화 과정에서 무형자원, 기술혁신, 시장네트워크 등의 내부요인이보다 중요한 역할을하고 있음을 알 수 있다.
      본 논문은 2012년부터 2019년까지의 8년 패널 데이터와 2017년부터 연간 횡단면 데이터 두 가지 데이터를 이용하여 중국에서 탄생한 글로벌 기업과 전통적인 단계 모델을 채택한 국제 기업 비교한다. 본 논문은 글로벌화 과정에서 지식자원과 중국 의 글로벌기업의 국제화 정도 및 성과와의 관계를 연구한다. 한편, 본 논문은 수익성, 안정성, 활동성, 성장성, 주식시장 성과 및 기타 관련 재무성과들의 비교분석을 통해 중국 의 글로벌기업의 재무적 특성을 제시한다. 패널자료로는 다변량 Logit모형과 다변량 Regression모형을 사용하였다.횡단면 자료는 ANOVA를 이용하여 분석하였다.
      본 연구 결과 본 글로벌 기업은 전통적인 국제화기업과 비교하여 경영실적 면에서 결코 더 우수하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.세계화 전략이 중국에서 태어난 국제회 기업 들에게 더 높은 이익을 가져다주지는 못했다. '본 글로벌 기업'의 혁신 능력과 조직 학습 능력은 초기 빠른 국제화 모델과 관계가 뚜렷하지 않다. 시장 네트워크 능력은본 글로벌 기업 의 빠른 국제화에 촉진 작용을 가지고 있다. 본 글로벌 기업의 DOI는 연구개발 (R&D) 투자, 무형자산, 학습능력과는 관련이 없지만 DOI 가 높아질수록 고객 집중도도 커진다.수익성, 안정성, 활동성, 성장성과 주식시장의 실적을 평가하는 재무실적 지표를 비교 분석한 결과, 중국 현지 글로벌기업의 수익성, 지불능력, 성장성과 주식시장의 실적은 모두 전통적인 국제화 기업보다 못한 것으로 나타났다. 본 글로벌 기업 들은 빚은 더 많이 졌지만 지불 능력은 더 낮다.자기자본 증가율, 총자산 증가율, 유동자산 증가율, P/BV와 토빈 는 모두 전통적인 국제화 기업보다 낮다.

      더보기

      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      Since the 1980s, economic globalization and technological innovation make international business more convenient than ever before, which has greatly improved international business environment. With the emergence of many new international business models, international business is no longer limited to large and mature enterprises. Some small and medium-sized start-ups begin to conduct international operation activities at the beginning of their establishment. These new types of internationalization firms are called born global firms.
      The literature review of this paper sorts out the relevant theories of internationalization and the related research findings of born global firms, which provides a solid theoretical foundation for the empirical research. Extant literature shows that born global phenomenon has increased in size and speed over the past 30 years, becoming an increasingly important phenomenon on the world economic stage and challenging the previous view on cross-border businesses. Traditional internationalization firms start their business from domestic market, and gradually accumulate enough knowledge and experience about the international market before starting transnational operation to avoid the risks brought by various uncertainties in the international market. Born global pattern is completely different from the traditional internationalization model. Born global firms quickly step into the international market from the beginning of their establishment and make sales profits soon. Entrepreneurs with global vision and international background, unique resources to develop innovative products and marketing network are important attributes for the emergence of born global firms. However, due to the liabilities of small size and insufficient resources, early exposure of born global firms to international markets also puts them at greater risk. Relative literature shows that internal factors such as intangible resources, technological innovation, and market networks play a more important role in the internationalization process of born global firms.
      This paper uses two sets of data, the eight-year panel data set from 2012 to 2019 and the annual cross-sectional data set from 2017, to compare China's born global firms with international enterprises that adopt traditional gradual model. This paper studies the relationship between knowledge resources and the degree of internationalization and performance of Chinese born global firms in the process of globalization. In the meantime, through the comparative analysis of the profitability, stability, activity, growth, stock market performance and other related financial performance indicators, this paper presents the financial characteristics of Chinese born global companies. Multivariate Logit model and multivariate regression model are used for panel data. The cross-sectional data is analyzed using ANOVA.
      The results of this study find that, compared with traditional internationalization enterprises, born global firms do not perform better. The globalization strategy has not brought higher benefits to the born global firms in China. There are no significant relationships between the innovation capability and organizational learning capability of born global firms and their early rapid internationalization modes, excepting market network capability. The DOI of born global firms is not related to R&D investment, intangible assets and learning capability, but the customer concentration increases with the growth of DOI. Through a comparative analysis of financial performance indicators that measure profitability, stability, activity, growth and stock market performance, the study also finds that the profitability, solvency, growth and stock market performance of Chinese born global firms are inferior to that of traditional internationalization enterprises. Born global firms have more debt but lower solvency. Their equity growth rate, total assets growth rate, current assets growth rate, P/BV and Tobin Q value are all lower than traditional internationalization enterprises.
      번역하기

      Since the 1980s, economic globalization and technological innovation make international business more convenient than ever before, which has greatly improved international business environment. With the emergence of many new international business mod...

      Since the 1980s, economic globalization and technological innovation make international business more convenient than ever before, which has greatly improved international business environment. With the emergence of many new international business models, international business is no longer limited to large and mature enterprises. Some small and medium-sized start-ups begin to conduct international operation activities at the beginning of their establishment. These new types of internationalization firms are called born global firms.
      The literature review of this paper sorts out the relevant theories of internationalization and the related research findings of born global firms, which provides a solid theoretical foundation for the empirical research. Extant literature shows that born global phenomenon has increased in size and speed over the past 30 years, becoming an increasingly important phenomenon on the world economic stage and challenging the previous view on cross-border businesses. Traditional internationalization firms start their business from domestic market, and gradually accumulate enough knowledge and experience about the international market before starting transnational operation to avoid the risks brought by various uncertainties in the international market. Born global pattern is completely different from the traditional internationalization model. Born global firms quickly step into the international market from the beginning of their establishment and make sales profits soon. Entrepreneurs with global vision and international background, unique resources to develop innovative products and marketing network are important attributes for the emergence of born global firms. However, due to the liabilities of small size and insufficient resources, early exposure of born global firms to international markets also puts them at greater risk. Relative literature shows that internal factors such as intangible resources, technological innovation, and market networks play a more important role in the internationalization process of born global firms.
      This paper uses two sets of data, the eight-year panel data set from 2012 to 2019 and the annual cross-sectional data set from 2017, to compare China's born global firms with international enterprises that adopt traditional gradual model. This paper studies the relationship between knowledge resources and the degree of internationalization and performance of Chinese born global firms in the process of globalization. In the meantime, through the comparative analysis of the profitability, stability, activity, growth, stock market performance and other related financial performance indicators, this paper presents the financial characteristics of Chinese born global companies. Multivariate Logit model and multivariate regression model are used for panel data. The cross-sectional data is analyzed using ANOVA.
      The results of this study find that, compared with traditional internationalization enterprises, born global firms do not perform better. The globalization strategy has not brought higher benefits to the born global firms in China. There are no significant relationships between the innovation capability and organizational learning capability of born global firms and their early rapid internationalization modes, excepting market network capability. The DOI of born global firms is not related to R&D investment, intangible assets and learning capability, but the customer concentration increases with the growth of DOI. Through a comparative analysis of financial performance indicators that measure profitability, stability, activity, growth and stock market performance, the study also finds that the profitability, solvency, growth and stock market performance of Chinese born global firms are inferior to that of traditional internationalization enterprises. Born global firms have more debt but lower solvency. Their equity growth rate, total assets growth rate, current assets growth rate, P/BV and Tobin Q value are all lower than traditional internationalization enterprises.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • ABSTRACT VI
      • 초 록 IX
      • Acknowledgements XII
      • Chapter One Introduction 1
      • 1.1 Research background 1
      • ABSTRACT VI
      • 초 록 IX
      • Acknowledgements XII
      • Chapter One Introduction 1
      • 1.1 Research background 1
      • 1.2 Research aims and objectives 3
      • 1.3 Research questions 4
      • 1.4 Research methodology 5
      • 1.5 Research gaps 6
      • 1.6 Research structure 8
      • Chapter Two Literature review 9
      • 2.1 A review on internationalization theories 11
      • 2.1.1 Uppsala theory of gradual internationalization 11
      • 2.1.2 Product-cycle hypothesis 13
      • 2.1.3 Investment Development Path(IDP) 15
      • 2.1.4 Resource-based view (RBV) 16
      • 2.1.5 Network Approach 19
      • 2.1.6 Organization learning theory 21
      • 2.2. A review on the literature of born global firms 23
      • 2.2.1 Definition of born global firms 25
      • 2.2.2 Characteristics of born global firms 27
      • 2.2.3 The performance of born global firms 41
      • 2.3 Review on the literature of born global firms in China 45
      • 2.3.1 Driving factors for the emergence of born global firms in China 45
      • 2.3.2 Characteristics of born global firms in China 48
      • 2.4 Summary 50
      • Chapter Three Operating performance of born global firms 52
      • 3.1 Theoretical framework 53
      • 3.2 Hypotheses 57
      • 3.2.1 Innovation and organizational learning capabilities of born global firms 57
      • 3.2.2 Market network capabilities of born global firms 59
      • 3.2.3 Operational performance of born global firms 61
      • 3.3. Methodology 62
      • 3.3.1 Definitional criteria for born global firms 62
      • 3.3.2 Data and sample 63
      • 3.3.3 Models and variables 65
      • 3.4 Empirical research 69
      • 3.4.1 Descriptive statistics of data 69
      • 3.4.2 Variable correlation analysis 74
      • 3.4.3 Analysis of regression results 79
      • 3.4.4 Robustness test 87
      • 3.5 Summary 89
      • Chapter Four Financial characteristics of born global firms 90
      • 4.1 Definition criteria for born global firms 91
      • 4. 2 Data 92
      • 4. 3 Variables 92
      • 4.4. Results 97
      • 4. 5. Robustness test 108
      • Chapter Five Summary and conclusions 110
      • 5.1 Conclusions on operating performance of born global firms 111
      • 5.2 Conclusions on financial characteristics of born global firms 111
      • 5.3 Discussion 112
      • 5.4 Implications 114
      • 5.5 Contributions, limitations and future researches 116
      • References 118
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      참고문헌 (Reference)

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