아동의 자전적 사실기억 및 해석기억의 발달과 어머니 애착 안정성과의 관계에 대한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아동의 자전적 사실기억과 해석기억의 발달적 차이를 알아보고 어머니의 애착 유형에 따 라 아동의 자전적 기억 회상에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울과 경 기 지역에 거주하는 만 5, 6, 7세 아동과 어머니 총 84쌍이었다. 본 연구에서는 Wang과 Fivush(2005)의 어머니-아동 회고 상황을 참고하여 사실기억과 해석기억을 측정하였다. 연구자는 아동에게 긍정적/부 정적 사건 각각 2개씩을 회상하도록 하였고, ECR을 사용하여 어머니 애착 유형을 측정하였다. 아동의 사실기억에서는 만 5, 6세와 만 7세 간에, 해석기억에서는 만 5세와 만 7세 간에 유의한 발달적 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 사실기억과 해석기억에서 어머니의 애착 유형의 주효과 및 아동의 연령과 어머니의 애착 유형간의 상호작용효과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 자전적 사실기억과 해석기억의 발달적 추세를 설명하는데 의의가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 논의는 연구의 제한점과 후속 연 구를 위한 제언을 포함하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The primary purpose of this study was to examine how children's age and mother attachment classification account for variation in fact memory and interpretation memory. 84 Korean children, ranging in age from 5 to 7 participated in autobiographical memory interviews. Their mothers completed an attachment self-report scale. The autobiographical memory Interviews were designed by using Wang and Fivush’s(2005) mother-child reminiscing setting. To measure mothers’ attachment classifications, Experiences in Close Relationship Scale(ECR) was used. The results showed that age differences were significant in fact memory and interpretation memory. Specifically, 7-year-olds were better than 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds in recalling fact memory. In interpretation memory, 7-year-olds performed better than 5-year-old children in recalling. Mother attachment classifications had no impact on children’s performances. The study also found that the interaction between the children’s ages and the mother attachment classifications had no discernible effect. This work offers a detailed discussion of these results and makes recommendations for future studies.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김정민, "피아제의 인지발달이론" 학지사 2006

2 성미영, "유아의 정서지식이 자전적 기억에 미치는 영향 : 부정적 정서성의 매개효과를 중심으로" 한국생활과학회 21 (21): 705-714, 2012

3 최경숙, "아동의 부적정서와 회고량과의 관계" 11 (11): 122-130, 1998

4 문형춘, "내담자 성인애착 특성에 따른 내담자 및 상담자의 내현적 대인반응과 회기성과" 가톨릭대학교 대학원 2007

5 Alea, N., "Why are you telling me that? A conceptual model of the social function of autobiographical memory" 11 : 165-178, 2003

6 Pillemer, D. B., "Very long-term memories of a salient preschool event" 8 : 95-106, 1994

7 Bauer, P. J., "Using cue words to investigate the distribution of autobiographical memories in childhood" 18 : 910-916, 2007

8 Reese, E., "Training mothers in elaborative reminiscing enhances children’s autobiographical memory and narrative" 78 (78): 1153-1170, 2007

9 Weeler, M. A., "Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness" 121 : 331-354, 1997

10 Alexander, K. W., "Theoretical advances in understanding children’s memory for distressing events : The role of attachment" 22 : 490-519, 2002

11 Conway, M. A., "The structure of autobiographical memory, In Theories of memory" Erlbaum 103-137, 1993

12 Nelson, K., "The psychological and social origins of autobiographical memory" 1 : 1-8, 1993

13 Cohen, G., "The effects of ageing in autobiographical memory, In Autobiographical memory:Theoretical and applied perspectives" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 105-123, 1998

14 Pasupathi, M., "The development of Narrative identity in late adolescence and emergent adulthood: The continued importance of listeners" 45 (45): 558-574, 2009

15 Conway, M. A., "The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system" 107 : 261-288, 2000

16 Hesse, E., "The Adult Attachment Interview: Historical and current perspectives, In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications" Guilford Press 845-888, 1999

17 McLean, K. C., "Selves creating stories creating selves: A process model of narrative self development" 11 : 262-278, 2007

18 Brennan, K. A., "Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview, In Attachment theory and close relationships" Guilford Press 77-114, 1998

19 Main, M., "Recent studies in attachment: Overview, with selected implications for clinical work, In Attachment theory: Social development and clinical perspectives" Analytic Press 407-474, 1995

20 McAdams, D. P., "Personality, modernity, and the storied self: A contemporary framework for studying persons" 7 : 295-321, 1996

21 Goodman, G. S., "Over a decade of research on children’s eyewitness testimony: What have we learned? where do we go from here?" 11 : 5-10, 1997

22 Paupathi, M., "On telling the whole story: Facets and interpretations in autobiographical memory narratives from childhood through midadolescence" 46 (46): 735-746, 2010

23 Oppenheim, D., "Narrative processes and attachment representations: Issues of development and assessment, In Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 60. Caregiving, cultural, and cognitive perspectives on secure-base behavior and working models: New growing points of attachment theory and research" Wiley-Blackwell 197-215, 1995

24 Wang, Q., "Mother-child conversations of emotionally salient events: Exploring the functions of emotional reminiscing in European American and Chinese Families" 14 : 473-495, 2005

25 Wainryb, C., "How violent youth offenders and typically developing adolescents construct moral agency in narratives about doing harm, In Narrative development in adolescence: Creating the storied self" Springer 185-206, 2010

26 Kleinknecht, E., "How knowing and doing inform an autobiography: Relations among preschoolers’ theory of mind, narrative, and event memory skills" 18 : 745-764, 2004

27 Kuebli, J., "Gender differences in parent-child conversations about past emotions" 12 : 683-698, 1992

28 Fivush, R., "Functions of parent-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events" 11 (11): 179-192, 2003

29 Bohanek, J. G., "Family narratives, self, and gender in early adolescence" 28 : 153-176, 2008

30 Perner, J., "Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: Developmental evidence and the theory of childhood amnesia" 59 : 516-548, 1995

31 Bird, A., "Emotional reminiscing and the development of an autobiographical self" 42 : 613-626, 2006

32 Quas, J. A., "Emotion and memory: Children's long-term remembering, forgetting, and suggestibility" 72 : 235-270, 1999

33 Reese, E., "Emerging identities: Narrative and self from early childhood to early adolescence, In Narrative development in adolescence: Creating the storied self" Springer 23-44, 2010

34 Uehara, I., "Differences in episodic memory between four- and five-year-olds: False information versus real experiences" 86 : 745-755, 2000

35 Haden, C., "Developing narrative structure in parent-child conversations about the past" 33 : 295-307, 1997

36 Fivush, R., "Coping, attachment, and mother–child reminiscing about stressful events" 52 : 125-150, 2006

37 Merritt, K. A., "Children’s memory for a salient medical procedure: Implications for testimony" 94 : 17-23, 1994

38 Robin, J. A., "Autobiographical memory, In Aspects of memory:Vol. 1. The practical aspects" Tayor & Frances/Routledge 223-251, 1992

39 Van Abbema, D. L., "Autobiographical memory in middle childhood:Recollections of the recent and distant past" 13 : 829-845, 2005

40 Bluck, S., "Autobiographical memory : Exploring its functions in everyday life" 11 : 113-123, 2003

41 Dozier, M., "Attachment for infants in foster care : The role of caregiver state of mind" 72 : 1467-1477, 2001