Method and tactics in cognitive science

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅸ
• 1. Problems of Methodology in Cognitive Science / James R. Miller ; Peter G. Poison ; Walter Kintsch = 1
• Methodological Questions = 3
• Methodological Suggestions = 7
• Theory Construction in Cognitive Science = 12
• On the Possibility of Cognitive Science = 15
• References = 17
• PART Ⅰ: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• 2. Paradigmatic Issues in Cognitive Science / Wendy G. Lehnert = 21
• Conpepts of Scientific Investigation = 21
• The Role of Task Orientations = 25
• Mapping the Cognitive Terrain = 35
• Cognitive Mountain Climbing = 43
• Appendix A = 46
• References = 48
• 3. Methodology for Building an Intelligent Tutoring System / William J. Clancey = 51
• Goals : Intelligent Tutoring Systems = 52
• From Mycin to Guidon (An Al Enterprise) = 54
• From Guidon to Neomycin (A Cognitive Science Enterprise) = 58
• The Relation of Theory, Al Formalism, and Program = 63
• Methodology = 68
• Methodological Pitfalls = 72
• Areas for Collaboration = 75
• The Prospects for Collaboration = 77
• Glossary = 79
• References = 81
• 4. First Among Equals / John Haugeland = 85
• References = 99
• PART Ⅱ: LINGUISTICS
• 5. Grammars as Mental Representations of Language / Joan Bresnan ; Ronald M. Kaplan = 103
• The Problem of the Psychological Reality of Grammars = 103
• Theoretical Constraints on Knowledge Representation = 109
• Implications for Process Models = 115
• Theoretical Constraints on Knowledge Processing = 121
• Implications for Syntactic Knowledge Representation = 130
• References = 133
• 6. Deductive Vs Pragmatic Processing in Natural Language / T. Giv$$\acute o$$n = 137
• Methodological Preface = 137
• Introduction = 138
• Existence and Referentiality = 141
• Co-Reference and Definite Description = 147
• Non-Discreteness of Reference and Definiteness = 153
• Truth, Fact, and Presupposition = 155
• Subjects and Predicates = 160
• Speech Acts = 162
• Topic Relevance = 164
• The Context-Dependent, Relativistic Nature of Lexical Meaning = 165
• Pragmatics and Language Change = 169
• Intermezzo : Knowledge Systems, Wittgenstein and Peirce = 178
• Synonymy, Polysemy, and Context = 180
• Ontogeny, Phylogeny, and the Rise of Automatic Processing Routines = 181
• Discussion = 183
• References = 187
• 7. Psychological Constraints on Language : A Commentary on Bresnan and Kaplan and on Giv$$\acute o$$n / Herbert H. Clark ; Barbara C. Malt = 191
• Four Possible Psychological Constraints = 192
• What is a Psychological Constraint? = 195
• Bresnan and Kaplan on Psychological Constraints = 199
• Giv$$\acute o$$n on Psychological Constraints = 206
• Strong and Weak Constraints = 210
• References = 212
• PART Ⅲ : PSYCHOLOGY
• 8. Theoretical and Methodologcal Issues in Cognitive Science : A Psycholinguistic Perspective / David Swinney = 217
• Basic Theoretical and Methodological Considerations in Psycholinguistics = 218
• General Constraints on Using Psychological Data to Support Theoretical Positions in the Cognitive Sciences = 231
• References = 232
• 9. Competitive Argumentation in Computational Theories of Cognition / Kurt VanLehn ; John Seely Brown ; James Greeno = 235
• An Example of an Argument = 245
• An Example of the Progression Toward Competitive Argumentation = 258
• Conclusions = 260
• References = 261
• 10. Cognitive Science is Methodologically Fine / Eugene Chamiak = 263
• Methodologies in Cognitive Science = 264
• Methodological Arguments = 264
• Achieving Unity = 268
• What to do While Waiting for the Revolution = 269
• Word Sense Disambiguation in Cognitive Science = 270
• Conclusion = 273
• PART Ⅳ : TOWARDS COGNITIVE SCIENCE
• 11. Methods and Tactics Reconsidered / P. G. Polson ; J. R. Miller ; W. Kintsch = 277
• IS Al Just Cognitive Psychology in a Different Guise? = 278
• Linguistic Issues in Cognitive Science = 283
• Theorizing in Psychology = 290
• References = 296
• 12. Some General Remarks on the Cognitive Sciences / Patrick Suppes = 297
• References = 304
• 13. Cohabitation in the Cognitive Sciences / George Mandler = 305
• Cognitive Science or Cognitive Sciences? = 305
• Sources and Domains of the Cognitive Sciences = 305
• Toward a Singular Cognitive Science? = 310
• Muddle : A Process Model = 312
• References = 315
• Author Index = 317
• Subject Index = 322