국제법의 가치지향적 연구방법에 대한 일고찰 = A Study on Value-oriented Approach to International Law

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국제사회에서 국가들이 국제평화와 안전을 침해하는 행위를 하거나 국제분쟁을 야기할 때 이를 해결하는 수단으로 국제법이 존재한다. 그런데 국가들이 국제법 규범의 적용과 그에 따른 분쟁해결절차를 불신하며 냉소를 보내거나 힘에 의존한 해결을 선호하는 현상이 잦아 국제법의 위기를 초래하고 있다. 국제법질서의 위기가 초래되는 원인을 몇 가지로 분석할 수 있다. 강대국을 비롯하여 많은 국가들이 국제법을 지나치게 정치적으로 인식하여 그 규범성에 신뢰를 부여하지 않으려 하는 점, 국제법질서 자체내에서 일어나는 국제법의 파편화, 그리고 국제법에 대한 회의주의 이론 등을 들 수 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 국제법의 위기의 이유를 심층적으로 분석하고 국제법의 규범력을 회복하는 방안으로 가치지향적 연구방법의 가능성을 탐구하고 있다. 라우터팩트의 자연법론적 접근론, 맥두갈의 정책중심적 접근론, 프랭크의 법가치중심적 접근론, 해롤드 고의 초국가적 법과정론 등과 같이 20세기의 중반부터 현재에 이르기까지 영향력을 행사해왔던 다양한 가치지향적 접근론을 비교분석하고 그 이론들이 공통적으로 모색하는 국제법 규범의 신뢰회복 방안을 추출하려고 한다. 이러한 가치지향적 국제법연구방법이 공통적으로 보유하는 이론적 장점은 국제법의 권위와 규범력의 확보를 위하여 정의, 정당성, 권력, 통제 및 법적 논의과정에 대한 이해를 새롭게 구성하는 이론적 틀을 수립하려는 것이다. 이러한 가치지향적 연구방법은 최근 제기되고 있는 국제법의 헌법화 논의를 적극적으로 수용하고 발전시키는데 기여할 수 있다고 본다. 결론적으로 가치지향적 방법이나 국제법의 헌법화 논의를 통하여 국제법에 권위와 통제를 회복하고 국제법의 신뢰와 준수를 제고할 수 있는 방안이 모색되어야 함을 강조하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is aiming at analyzing the current crisis of international law and presenting how to overcome this problem by revitalizing certain value-oriented approaches to international law. Why many states tend to ignore the normative force of international law when their own national interests are at stake in dealing with international disputes. There may be several reasons for this lack of confidence toward international law. First. recent trend of fragmentation in international law may be a salient example to weaken the normative force of international law in general. Plural regional courts or special tribunals apply the same rule of international law differently though they deal with identical cases. Second, sceptical approaches to international law by international lawyers and scholars concerning the normative nature of international law may bring detrimental effects to the building block of international law. Game theory or rational choice theory recently reinforces these sceptical understanding of international law. In order to overcome the fall of confidence in international law, this paper attempts to reinvigorate an alternative approach by examining several contemporary value-oriented approaches to international law. Our focal lenses are on these: Hersh Lauterpacht`s emphasis on natural law, reason and human rights; Myres McDougal`s policy-oriented approach to international law which has emphasized power, control, authoritative decision-making process; Thomas Franck`s analysis on the legitimacy deficit and justice deficit in international law; Harold Koh`s new transnational law process which focuses on value and process in order to enhance the compliance with international law. Through value-oriented approaches to international law we may deepen our understanding of the roots of compliance-pull of international law. Theoretically basic values in law along with legal process should be reexamined to ameliorate the behavior of states to comply with international law. Structurally constitutionalization of international law may be a new solution to averse the current trend of fragmentation of international law. Here it is worthwhile participating in recent debates for the introduction of hierarchical order in international law, consolidation of adjudicatory function in main judicial body, as well as the crucial agenda for reforming of UN system.

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