미국, 유신, 그리고 냉전체제 = The US, Yushin, and the Cold War

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Purpose of this paper is to examine in the terms of the Cold War history the background and reasons of October Revitalization by president Park Chung Hee. The following are the results of this study.
Park failed to correspond to the structural stability of military-political situations provided on the Korean peninsular in the wake of Sino-American Rapprochement at the beginning of the 1970s. He correctly perceived that Kim Ill Sung was not want a war for reunification. But, what Park afraid of was the growing detente mood and the desires of peaceful reunification that could lead to the collapse of his power, not North Korea’s military threats itself. Notwithstanding repeatedly American security commitment to the South Korea, The US pondered over the problem of treating the North Korea as a inevitable fact of life on premise that Korea is no longer the frontier for East-West confrontation. If South-North talks would favorably progress and American new policies carry out, Park and his followers would faced dangerous situation, because of lost of effective rule instruments, the Cold War ideology and the North Korea’s military threats. Therefore, Park decided to establish authoritarian rule system that would preserve eternally his presidency, under the mask of the peaceful reunification of the mother country. Park, of course, anticipated critics and resistances from the US and other countries as well as many of Korean peoples. But Park had to force, at all costs, some necessary measures.
In a word, Yushin was essentially Park’s highly personal and unwise measures to establish eternally a one-man-rule under the pretext of peaceful reunification, not to ensure national security.