중소기업을 위한 지역은행의 역할 = The Role of Local banks to Small Businesses

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the present status of regional finance and then discussed why local banks exist and their comparative advantages theoretically. The questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the role of regional finance.
The actual situation of regional finance has been examined: the difference in bank loan amounts between Seoul and the rest of the districts was broadened more since the Korean currency crisis, and the bank loan amounts per firm in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do was less than the half of that in Seoul. The credit rationing according to regions has been analyzed: The credit rationing in Seoul was highest and it increased more than the previous year in 1998, which was the period of credit stringency, while it decreased in Daegu and Busan. This showed that the financial difficulties of regional small companies got more serious.
The survey showed that local banks were necessary for the development of regional economy and most people responded that the reasons for that were the nurturing and supporting small businesses or small-scale businessmen. They also responded that local banks understood the problems or difficulties of regional firms better than commercial ones, and that they would first go to local banks to loan necessary funds.
In short, the regional finance has dwindled since the Korean currency crisis and it became more difficult for local small businesses to raise funds than the ones in Seoul. It indicated that the nationwide commercial banks restricted the loans to regional small businesses more, which were the financially weak, in the period of credit stringency. The role of local banks for small businesses has been identified by having accessibility to the regional small firms and advantages in information production.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 먼저 지역금융의 현황을 살펴보고, 지역금융기관의 존립근거와 비교우위를 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 이를 바탕으로 설문조사를 실시하여 중소기업을 위한 지역금융의 역할을 확인하였다.
지역금융의 실태 파악 결과, 서울과 지방의 예금은행 대출금 격차는 외환위기 이후 더욱 커졌으며, 1개 사업체당 대출금도 대구와 경상북도는 서울의 절반을 밑도는 수준이었다. 지역별 신용할당을 분석한 결과, 서울의 신용할당이 가장 높았으며 신용경색기인 1998년에 서울의 신용할당은 전년도에 비해 증가하였으나, 대구와 부산은 오히려 감소하여 지역 중소기업의 자금사정이 더욱 어려웠음을 알 수 있었다.
설문조사 결과, 지역경제발전을 위해 지역은행이 필요하며 그 이유로는 중소기업 육성 및 지원과 영세상공인 및 서민계층에 대한 지원이 가장 많았다. 그리고 지역은행이 시중은행보다 지역기업의 문제점이나 애로를 더 잘 파악한다고 응답하였으며, 필요자금의 조달에 있어서도 지역은행 대출을 1순위로 응답한 경우가 가장 많았다.
요컨대, 외환위기 이후 지역금융은 상당히 위축되었으며 지역 중소기업의 자금조달은 서울에 비해 더욱 어려웠다. 전국형 시중은행은 신용경색기에 신용 약자인 지역 중소기업에 대한 신용을 더욱 제한하였던 것으로 나타났다. 지역은행이 지역영세기업에 대한 근접성과 정보생산 상의 우위를 가지는 등 중소기업을 위한 지역은행의 역할이 확인되었다.

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