발레「호두까기 인형」의 변천에 따른 사회문화적 의미 = The Socio-Cultural Significance of The Nutcracker in its Historical Development

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores the socio-cultural significance of a renowned classical ballet, The Nutcracker in its historical development. As one of Russian imperial ballets, The Nutcracker choreographed by Lev Ivanov attempted to combine a German story with classical spectacle. The ballet was inspired by a E. T. A. Hoffmann’'s popular story but not successful in the early years due to its unusual structure. Compared with today’'s popularity during the Christmas Season, the early Russian version of The Nutcracker did not received great attention in the imperial period.
The development of The Nutcracker seemed to be caused by immigration of Russian ballet to the West. Especially the George Balanchine’'s version which emphasized the traditional notion of ‘'middle class family’' and ‘'holiday’' affected the establishment of new Christmas tradition as well as New York City Ballet’'s glory in America. The Nutcracker along with Christmas tradition then spread out to other Western countries. In the contemporary era, The Nutcracker’'s cultural power signifies not only inheritance of great classical ballet but also a sort of ongoing bodily practices which embody various contemporary cultural trends and social issues. In addition, based upon broad marketing strategy, The Nutcracker is also considered as a symbol of holiday consumer culture today.
By a number of choreographers and dance companies in the world, The Nutcracker has been widely disseminated, adopting a conventional family discourse, popular culture, minority discourse and so on. As a result, whatever each version takes, it evokes a sort of community sense in which a group of people ties together.
In this regard, I believe that The Nutcracker becomes a good example to read social values in history and diverse aspects of cultural practices.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 현주미, "현대발레 작품에 나타난 패러디 양상에 관한 연구:하드 넛과 지젤을 중심으로" 이화여자대학교 1999

2 윤수정, "현대 발레 작품에 나타난 패러디 양상에 관한 연구:매튜 본의‘백조의 호수’,모리스 베자르의‘호두까기 인형’,마츠 에크의‘지젤’을 중심으로" 중앙대학교 2002

3 김은미, "안무가 매튜 본(Matthew Bourne)의 Parody 성향에 나타난 창조성연구:매튜 본의‘백조의 호수’와‘호두까기 인형’을 중심으로" 경희대학교 2006

4 이지원, "무용에 나타난 성 정체성(Sexual identity)에 관한 연구:마크 모리스를 중심으로" 이화여자대학교 1996

5 홍세희, "매튜 본(Matthew Bourne)의 연출 특성에 관한 연구:댄스뮤지컬호두까기 인형을 중심으로" 경기대학교 2009

6 "http://www.ovationtv.com/Events/battleofthenutcrackers/"

7 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fantasia_(film)#Nutcracker_Suite"

8 Michel Foucault, "The History of Sexuality:An Introduction" Random House 1978

9 Ann Daly, "The Balanchine Women: Of Hummingbirds and Channel Swimmers, The Drama Review" 31 (31): 9-21, 1987

10 Michel Foucault, "The Archaeology of Knowledge & The Discourse on Language" Pantheon Books 1972

11 Roland John Wiley, "Tchaikovsky’s Ballets:Swan Lake,Sleeping Beauty,Nutcracker" Oxford UP 1985

12 Jennifer Fisher, "Nutcracker Nation" Yale University Press. 2003

13 Jane Desmond, "Meaning in Motion: New Cultural Studies in Dance" Duke University Press 1997

14 Michel Foucault, "Madness and Civilization:A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason" Random House 1965

15 Michel Foucault, "Discipline and Punish" Random House 1977

16 Brenda Dixon Gottschild, "Digging the Africanist Presence in American Performance:Dance and Other Contexts" Praeger 1996

17 Catherine Gunther Kodat, "Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of The Nutcracker, Mosaic" 33 (33): 1-17, 2000

18 Susan Leigh Foster, "Corporealities:Dancing Knowledge,Culture" Routledge 1996

19 Advertisement, "Battle of the Nutcrackers" 12 (12): 2008

20 Jennifer Fisher, "Arabian Coffee in the Land of Sweets" 35 (35): 146-163, 2004

21 Terry Teachout, "All in the Dances:A Brief Life of George Balanchine" Harcourt Inc. 2004

22 Alastair Macaulay, "A ‘Nutcracker’ Lover Explains Himself"