몽골 샤머니즘 속의 윤리의식(意識) 고찰 = The Research of Ethical A wareness inside Mongolian Shamanism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Mongolian shamanism well reflects traditional nomadic lifestyle and wisdom of living which passes down from generation to generation. In particular, shamans in Mongolian shamanism play an important role namely to communicate between men and god and thus shamans can deliver human`s message to the god as well as interpret god`s will for ordinary people. Thus shamans were and still are the only hope and exit for nomadic people in everyday daily life. In these social and cultural environments, Mongolian shamans were highly respected and trusted and ant the same time shamans had to have the most important qualification to keep ethical obligation in any case. Since shamans were usually selected by god they obviously had special talent and outstanding ethical qualification. Nevertheless, shamans should neither overuse nor misuse those unique abilities for their own profits and purposes. In other words, shamans have responsiblilities such as to provide sincere help for the poor, the unprivileged, and anyone who is in need of shamans` assistance. This is because shamans are specially and probably spiritually chosen by god and deities to communicate between god and ordinary people. Namely, shamans act as mediators as well as reliable advisors to solve various obstacles in mundane life. Also in Mongolian shamanism, there is a strong message that shamans have to observe and be aware of cosmological order and natural law. In addition, shamans usually are far from any Kind of jealousy and hatred. Hence, Mongolian shamanism retains various elements of altruism and self-sacrifice for others. For these substances, it is apparent that ethical thoughts are easily found in nomadic Mongolian culture, such as mythology, the Secret History of the Mongols, chanar rituals for Buriat shamans, and contemporary Mongolian literature. In particular, Mongolian shamans often travel to hell or the world of death in order to cure a sick person`s disease. In addition, shamans only can communicate with supernatural worlds and meet god and deities on behalf of humans. For this reason, Mongolian shamans are trusted to be reliable, faithful and sincere. In this sense, shamans have to possess ethical awareness and thus ethical awareness is clearly the most significant substance in Mongolian shamanism.

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