개화후기(1906~1910) 초등교육의 성격 탐구 = A Study on the Essential Characteristics of Elementary Education during the Latter Period of the Enlightenment (1906-1910) in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 한국 근대초등교육이 제도적으로 증등교육으로부터 분리되기 시작한 개화후기 초등교육의 성격을 탐색함으로써 초등교육의 본질적 특성을 찾고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 개화후기의 사회적 상황과 교육적 요구, 초등학교의 교육목적, 교과과정과 교육내용, 교육방법과 평가, 초등교원 양성과 임용과정에 대해 알아봄으로써, 당시 초등교육의 성격이 어떠했는지 규명하였다. 개화후기의 관·공립학교는 일제의 식민지화를 위한 준비교육의 장이 되었으며 사립학교는 통감부의 교육정책에 저항하고 민족교육, 애국인재 양성의 역할을 하였다. 이 당시 공·사립 학교는 초등교육의 특성인 아동 중심적 교육을 실천하기보다는 사회에서 요구하는 인간 형성에 초점을 맞추었다. 그러나 열악한 시대적 상황 가운데서도 이 시기의 초등교육은 제도적으로나 교과과정 면에서 중등교육과 분리되어 분화·발전함으로써 한국 초등교육의 공교육화에 기여하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to search for the essential nature and its characteristics of elementary education during the latter period of the Enlightenment, 1906-1910, focusing on the areas of social background, educational needs, educational purposes, school curricular, teaching methods and evaluation, and teacher education system. To achieve the research purpose, laws and government documents, newspapers, and educational journals that were amended and published during the period were analyzed Comparing to the beginning period of the Enlightenment(1880-1905) that the idea of elementary education had not developed, this study showed that the last five years of the Enlightenment period were identified as an initial stage that the modern meaning of elementary education was systematically split up and specified from the meaning of the secondary education. Thus, the ideas of elementary education and elementary curricular were differentiated from the early-child or secondary ones for the first time, and its characteristics of the elementary education were identified, developed, and refined. However Korean elementary education in that period, showed two contrasting tendencies according to the bodies of foundation. The public elementary schools during the period were used for strengthening the Japanese colonial policy over Korea, whereas the private ones were mainly emphasized on educating nationalists and patriots who would resist against Japan, though the educational resistances from the private sector were soon eradicated under the Japanese colonial rule. Although the idea of the child-centered education was introduced, but had not implemented yet to both public and private schools.