한국과 인도네시아 초등교사의 AI에 대한 인식 비교 = A Cross-National Comparison of Elementary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence: Korea and Indonesia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to compare and analyze the perceptions of Korean and Indonesian elementary school teachers regarding the educational adoption of AI. Based on previous research, a survey instrument was developed with four domains (experience in educational use, perception of instructional change, perception of teacher roles, and perception of usability) through exploratory factor analysis. Responses from a total of 943 teachers—146 from Korea and 797 from Indonesia—were analyzed. The results showed that Indonesian teachers demonstrated a generally more positive perception of AI than Korean teachers, with a particularly large difference in the usability domain. In classroom AI use, Korean teachers mainly applied AI in student-led activities, whereas Indonesian teachers primarily used it for teacher-centered material preparation and lesson planning. Based on these differences in perceptions, the study derived reasons for the lower scores among Korean elementary teachers in the domains of instructional change and teacher roles, and suggests that a bottom-up, teacher-centered approach may be necessary for the educational adoption of AI.