중국 기업의 혁신행위 패턴분석: 私기업을 중심으로 = Innovation-related Behavioral Patterns of Chinese Firms: With a Special Focus on Local Private Firms Cross-Ownership Type Analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the reform and open door policy, China has successfully exploited its comparative advantage in cheap labor intensive industries and has achieved rapid economic growth. However, as China began to realize the importance of sustainable growth, it has recently begun to pay more attention to “innovation” as an alternative engine for economic growth and to business firms as key actors in innovation-driven economic growth. Against this backdrop, this study explores Chinese firms' innovation-related behavioral patterns, with a special focus on cross-ownership type differences. From econometric analyses of 302 samples obtained from a questionnaire survey, this study found that Chinese local private firms has higher efficiency in performing innovation than state-owned firms, although their level of R&D intensity is lower than their counterparts. Our analyses indicate that the Chinese local private firms' superiority in innovation efficiency should be, at least in part, attributed to the fact that they invest more efforts in absorbing and assimilating imported technology and that more actively utilize the downstream knowledge source, which are the “customers.” These findings require an adjustment of a wide spread but inaccurate notion that Chinese local private firms are not even capable of trying innovation because of their low level of development. Our analyses show that Chinese local private firms might be actually keen on demand-pull innovation. These firms may even serve as a benchmark for foreign firms trying to tap into the Chinese domestic market.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

개혁개방 후 중국은 풍부한 저임 노동력에 기초한 비교우위를 적극 활용함으로써 경제의 고도성장을 달성했다. 하지만 최근 중국은 보다 지속가능한 성장을 추구하면서 ‘혁신’을 경제성장의 새로운 엔진으로, ‘기업’을 혁신의 주체로 새롭게 인식하고 있다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 본고는 중국 기업의 혁신에 주목하되, 특히 서로 다른 소유제 기업 간에 존재하는 혁신 관련 행위패턴의 차이를 私기업을 중심으로 탐색하고자 하였다. 설문조사를 통해 얻은 302개 중국 기업에 관한 자료를 분석해 본 결과, 중국의 사기업은 비록 R&D 관련 투입이 적고 대학 및 연구소와 같은 이른바 상류(upstream)에 존재하는 지식원천의 활용도 미진하지만, 혁신 관련 투입을 산출로 바꾸는 효율성은 국유기업에 비해 오히려 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중국 사기업의 이와 같은 혁신 효율성은, 외부에서 도입한 기술을 소화․흡수하는데 있어서 남다른 노력을 기울인다는 점과 더불어 ‘고객’이라는 지식 흐름 하류(downstream)에 존재하는 또 하나의 원천을 적극적으로 사용하기 때문인 것으로 드러났다. 이와 같은 결과는, 중국의 사기업이 그 발전 정도가 낮아 혁신을 수행하기에는 역부족이라는 기존의 인식이 수정될 필요가 있으며, 중국 내수시장 진입을 꾀하는 한국기업들에게는 중국의 고객과 소통하고 그를 기반으로 수요견인형 혁신을 추구하는 방법을 중국 사기업들에서 배울 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

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