Cardiovascular Diseases and Panax ginseng = A Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginseng may also be potentially valuable in treating cardiovascular diseases. Research concerning cardiovascular disease is focusing on purifi ed individual ginsenoside constituents of ginseng to reveal specifi c mechanisms instead of using whole ginseng extracts. The most commonly studied ginsenosides are Rb₁, Rg₁, Rg₃, Rh₁, Re, and Rd. The molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides in the treatment of cardiovascular disease have attracted much attention and been the subject of numerous publications. Here, we review the current literature on the myriad pharmacological functions and the potential benefi ts of ginseng in this area. In vitro investigations using cell cultures and in vivo animal models have indicated ginseng’s potential cardiovascular benefi ts through diverse mechanisms that include antioxidation, modifying vasomotor function, reducing platelet adhesion, infl uencing ion channels, altering autonomic neurotransmitters release, and improving lipid profi les. Some 40 ginsenosides have been identifi ed. Each may have different effects in pharmacology and mechanisms due to their different chemical structures. This review also summarizes results of relevant clinical trials regarding the cardiovascular effects of ginseng, particularly in the management of hypertension and improving cardiovascular function.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• INTRODUCTION
• EFFICACY OF REGULATING INTRACELLULARION CHANNELS
• EFFICACY OF ADJUSTING BLOOD PRESSURE
• EFFICACY OF IMPROVING MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION
• EFFICACY OF REGULATING VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
• EFFICACY OF REGULATING VASOMOTOR FUNCTIONS
• EFFICACY OF IMPROVING BLOOD CIRCULATION
• EFFICACY OF ADJUSTING BLOOD LIPID PROFILE
• OXIDATION AND GINSENG
• EFFICACY OF ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES