코퍼스 기반 중학교 영어 교과서 be 동사 부정 축약 분석 = A Corpus-based Analysis of Be-Verb Negative Contraction in Middle School English Textbooks

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

When be-verb negation is contracted, either verb contraction or negative contraction can be selected, based on the types of preceding subjects. Thus, a pronoun subject tends to be with verb contraction more frequently (e.g. She’s not/They’re not), while a full noun subject is more likely to occur with negative contraction (e.g. The classroom isn’t). In this regard, the current study aims to investigate if middle school English textbooks provide sufficient examples of English native speakers’ preference in using be-verb negative contraction. To this end, a small corpus was compiled, comprising all the listening materials from 14 middle school English textbooks. From this corpus, all the sentences including verb contraction and negative contraction each were extracted using a concordancer program to see what type of subject each contraction form occurs with more frequently. The results of this analysis showed that when the subject is a pronoun, verb contraction is favored over negative contraction, whereas negative contraction is more likely to be with a full noun phrase, suggesting that the English textbook present language input similar to English native speakers’ preference in using be-verb negative contraction.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 홍선이, "한국 고등학생들을 대상으로 한 코퍼스 기반 어휘 및 문법 학습의 효과" 팬코리아영어교육학회 20 (20): 261-283, 2008

2 주재호, "초등학교와 중학교 영어교과서의 연계성에 대한연구" 7 (7): 77-96, 2002

3 한두진, "초등학교 영어 교과서 어휘분석" 11 (11): 75-98, 2006

4 김영태, "초등영어 어휘분석" 7 (7): 49-75, 2002

5 염혜선, "입력홍수 및 텍스트 강화가 중학생의 영어 문법 학습에 미치는 영향" 글로벌영어교육학회 17 (17): 287-313, 2012

6 교육부, "영어과 교육과정. 교육부 고시 제 2015-74호"

7 김용진, "사회언어학적 코퍼스 분석의 실제" 열린세상 2007

8 신창원, "고등학교 영어교과서 어휘의 진정성 분석" 미래영어영문학회 22 (22): 167-193, 2017

9 민수정, "고등학교 영어 교과서에 사용된 기본 어휘에 대한 코퍼스 기반 분석" 미래영어영문학회 17 (17): 143-159, 2012

10 양현권, "’과잉 be’ 오류의 영어교육과정 개발에의 교육적 함의" 한국영어학회 9 (9): 385-402, 2009

11 Biber, D., "Variation across speech and writing" Cambridge University Press 1988

12 Trudgill, P., "Sociolinguistic patterns speech and writing" Academic Press 1978

13 Hiller, U., "She isn’t studying vs. She’s not studying: An investigation into the choice between the two contracted variants of negated English auxiliaries" 86 : 531-553, 1987

14 Biber, D., "Longman student grammar of spoken and written English" Pearson Education 2002

15 Biber, D., "Longman student grammar of spoken and written English" Pearson Education 1999

16 O’Keeffe, A., "From corpus to classroom : Language use and language teaching" Cambridge University Press 2007

17 McElhinny, B., "Copula and auxiliary contraction in the speech of White Americans" 68 : 371-399, 1993

18 Yaeger-Dror, M., "Contraction of negatives as evidence of variance in register-specific interactive rules" 9 : 1-36, 1997

19 Kaisse, E. M., "Connected speech : The interaction of syntax and phonology" Academic Press 1985

20 Zwicky, A., "Auxiliary reduction in English" 1 : 331-, 1970

21 Quirk, R., "A comprehensive grammar of the English language" Longman 1985