도시가족(서울)에 관한 연구 : 결혼에 대한 태도 비교 : 1958~1980 = A Study on the Korean Urban Family

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study focuses on the changing aspects of the urban family. Comparing the recent survey data with those complied in 1958 to see if there have been any remarkable changed and in which direction.
The basic question posed for both studies was whether the urban family was changing from the traditional patriarchal type toward a variant of the modern democratic family. The replication survey data support the six specific hypotheses, but do not necessarily mean that we can claim that the Korean urban family has become the modern conjugal family.
In the first place, there is a problem in operationalizing the concept of the modern democratic family. The assumptions and concepts borrowed from a few well-known family sociologists like Goode and Adams seem at times inadequate in explaining the Korean case. Some problems were identified with the transferability of the theory developed in western societies.
However, it still holds that the family is a universal institution and it is affected by industrialization and modernization. This change is directed toward some form of the modern family system with the characteristics suggested by Adams, As professor Hyo-Chai Lee pointed out in her 1958 article.
"many family-related values are changing, but in the way that only parts of the old value system change instead of being completely replaced by a new one."
Major findings of this time series comparative study can be summarized as follows.
1. The family size has decreased. The model size was reduced from 5-6 to 4-5. the average family size from 5.65 to 5.13.
2. In family of the composition of household, the nuclear family has become even more predominant. The proportion of the households with close relatives and/or non-family members increased. This fact contributes to reducing the family size and simplifying the composition.
3. The reduction of many size is also attributed to the practice of family planning. In the 1958 study more than one half of the respondents desired 5 children or more, but in the present study the most popular number was 2.
4. The age of marriage is expected to be raised in future. The age at marriage that respondents considered ideal was raised from 26.6 for sons and 22.9 for daughters to 27.9 and 24.1 respectively.
5. However, the parental attitudes toward the selection of mates for their children have hardly changed. They have become somewhat permissive about pre-marital dating and courtship, but remain conservative. The parents want their children to get permission for marriage.
6. The parents have become less authoritative about the process of the marital choice. They believe that the childrens opinion should also be respected.
7. The importance of lineage background as a criterion of the selection has become lessened. The most important criteria now are health and personality, then comes occupation for a man and physical appearance for a woman.
8. On the other hand, the respondents have become liberal concerning divorce and remarriage. While 64.9% of the 1958 respondents disapproved of divorce, 80.4% of the recent survey respondents approved of it. Many respondents, and more in the recent survey, approved of remarriage on the condition that the partners involved do not have children.
9. The strong attachment to the traditional concept of lineage (perpetuation of patrilineal family) also appears to be changing. Almost 60% of the recent survey respondents said that they would not adopt a child nor keep a concubine even if they had no child.
10. The proportion of women who are satisfied with their marriage has increased from 17.6% to 44.2%. The housewives seem to enjoy the economic stability and status accrued from their husbands.
The present study has reconfirmed that the urban family has been changing more toward a modern form. However, it still remains to be answered whether it could be claimed as the conjugal family as is theorized by many foreign sociologists.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• A. 연구의 목적 및 취지
• B. 조사방법
• Ⅱ. 가족의 크기와 구성
• A. 가족의 크기
• B. 가족구성
• C. 가족계획
• Ⅲ. 결혼
• A. 결혼연령
• B. 배우자 선택
• C. 이혼, 재혼, 기타 결혼에 대한 태도 몇 가지
• D. 결혼생활에 대한 만족도
• Ⅳ. 요약 및 결어
• 참고문헌
• 영문요약