曾國藩 門下 弟子들의 文學 交流와 桐城 學術의 發展— 張裕釗, 吳汝綸, 黎庶昌을 중심으로 = The literary exchange of Zeng Guo-fan's disciples and the Development of Tongcheng School

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 曾門四弟子 가운데 張裕釗, 吳汝綸, 黎庶昌 세 사람을 대상으로 그들의 문학 교류에 대해 살펴본 것이다. 그들은 문학 지향을 공유하며 틈틈이 문학 논의를 벌였고, 이후 흩어진 뒤에도 서신을 통해 교류를 이어갔다. 이중 여서창, 오여륜 두 사람은 벼슬살이에 매여 문학에 집중할 수 없는 형편이었으나, 오여륜은 서신 왕래를 통해 장유조와의 문학 교류를 지속해나갔다. 이는 장유조가 蓮池書院을 그만두면서 중단되었지만, 저간의 불협화음에도 불구하고 오여륜이 그 중책을 대신할 수 있었던 데에는 그간의 두 사람의 문학 교류가 있다는 점을 놓치지 말아야 한다. 또한 여서창 역시 그들과의 교류 관계를 바탕으로 주어진 여건 속에서 실천 가능한 문장 사업을 찾아 평소 지향을 실천하며 동성 문장의 발양에 기여하였다. 기존 연구에서 간과된 이런 점들을 보완하며, 청대 후기 동성 학술의 대내외적 발전 상황에 대한 입체적 조망을 위해서 그들의 교류를 살펴보아야 하는 이유가 바로 여기에 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the literature exchange of three people, Zhang Yu-zhao, Wu Ru-run, and Li Shu-chang, who had great significance in literature among the Four Disciples of Zeng Guo-fan. It will be able to show the aspect of problem consciousness and interaction that they shared among them, away from mainly literary theories and individual person-centered studies, and naturally understand the sense of homogeneity between them in the process.
Previously, the three shared their literary orientation and had a deep conversation on the subject of literature. In this aspect, it was developed around Zhang, who had devoted himself constantly to literature, and the exchange continued through correspondence as they were scattered according to their respective paths of life. After completing "The Postscript of the Biography of Yuan hou", Zhang asked two others to evaluate his writing, while the other two expressed their views. Through this process, we can examine the aspect of literature study between them.
However, unlike Zhang, who was mainly active in a academy of classical learning, Li and Wu, who were tied to government posts, could not concentrate fully on literature. As a result, Li was unable to continue active exchanges. However, the direction of literature was not shaken, and it was later expressed through the writing business, including the compilation of "Post-Guwencileizhuan".
Although Wu was in a similar situation as Li, sometimes complained about the difficulties of not being able to concentrate on studying literature due to his official life, but he continued to study literature actively, including discussions on literary theory, review of each other's sentences, teaching, and advice.
This was stopped when Zhang quit the academy of classical learning in Lianchi, but despite the discord over the replacement, it should not be missed that Wu was able to take charge of the new scholar in charge of the academy on behalf of Zhang because of the long-standing exchange between the two. In the end, this was the basis for the stable development of their academy of Tongcheng school from the center of northern studies despite the sudden replacement.
What should not be missed is that Li, based on his interaction with them, was contributing to the development of Tongcheng writings by finding a workable writing business in his environment, although not in direct literary exchange. This is why we should look at their exchanges for a three-dimensional view of the internal and external development of Tongcheng Academy in the late Qing Dynasty, supplementing these points that are overlooked in existing studies.