정기선해운에 대한 경쟁법 적용과 개선방안 = How to Improve the Application of Competition Law to the Korean Liner Shipping Business

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The liner shipping business has a characteristic that the vessels can neither be supplied nor be lessened elastically against the fluctuation of the demand of cargo. The conference, a kind of cartel, under which the freight is controlled has been allowed since 1910 in the US. They believed that the transportation of cargo can be maintained stably through the conference.
The control of the freight by the carrier was allowed under the conference. Even though it was against anti-trust law, the US allowed the conference members to do that. However the attitude of the US was changed in 1980s and the conference system was actually collapsed. Currently, a similar system called as the alliance is operating. The HMM is a member of The Alliance. Other members of liner shipping company visits a Korean port. Liner shipping company that is not a member of The alliance may visit a Korean port.
Korean Shipping Act has a provision to exempt a liner shipping company from the application of the Korean Competition Act like Japan and US. Art. 29 of the Act says that the members of an alliance may set the freight with other liner shipping company mutually. It is controversial whether Art. 29 makes the cartel activity exempted from the application of the Korean Competition Act. Article 29 of Korean Shipping Act should be interpreted in conjunction with Art. 58 of the Competition Act. Only if the activity of the liner shipping company is justifiable, Art. 29 of the Act is valid without the application of the Competition Act.
There are no provisions on a Market-dominant Position in the Korean shipping Act. Therefore, not the Korean Shipping Act but the Competition Act is applicable. The unfair activity of the liner shipping company may be regulated by the Shipping Act. But the Competition Act may be applicable mutually because Korea Ocean and Fishery Department does not manage the maritime competition activity of the carrier effectively.
The authors suggest to make the provisions under the Korean Shipping Act clearly to the effect that the Competition Act is no longer applicable to maritime competition activities.
Maritime competition agency should be established according to revised Korean Shipping Act. The liner shipping companies, passenger companies, NVOCCs, stevedores and terminal operators are desirable if they become subject to the Korean Shipping Act. The revised Shipping Act is better to insert a clear provision that a cartel activity of the liner shipping company should be exempted from the application of the Competition Act.

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