Unit operation in chemical engineering

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xix
• Section 1 Introduction = 1
• 1 Definitions and Principles = 3
• Unit Operations = 4
• Unit Systems = 5
• Physical Quantities = 5
• SI Units = 5
• Cgs Units = 9
• Gas Constant = 10
• Fps Engineering Units = 11
• Conversion of Units = 12
• Units and Equations = 14
• Dimensional Analysis = 16
• Basic Concepts = 18
• Equations of State of Gases = 18
• Symbols = 20
• Problems = 22
• References = 23
• Section 2 Fluid Mechanics = 25
• 2 Fluid Statics and Its Applications = 27
• Symbols = 39
• Problems = 40
• References = 41
• 3 Fluid-Flow Phenomena = 42
• Turbulence = 48
• Symbols = 61
• Problems = 62
• References = 62
• 4 Basic Equations of Fluid Flow = 64
• Symbols = 81
• Problems = 82
• References = 82
• 5 Flow of Incompressible Fluids in Conduits and Thin Layers = 83
• Flow of Incompressible Fluids in Pipes = 83
• Laminar Flow in Pipes = 86
• Turbulent Flow in Pipes and Closed Channels = 92
• Flow of Liquids in Thin Layers = 112
• Symbols = 115
• Problems = 117
• References = 119
• 6 Flow of Compressible Fluids = 120
• Processes of Compressible Flow = 125
• Flow through Variable-Area Conduits = 126
• Adiabatic Frictional Flow = 133
• Isothermal Frictional Flow = 137
• Symbols = 139
• Problems = 141
• References = 142
• 7 Flow Past Immersed Bodies = 143
• Friction in Flow through Beds of Solids = 151
• Motion of Particles through Fluids = 155
• Fluidization = 165
• Symbols = 177
• Problems = 178
• References = 180
• 8 Transportation and Metering of Fluids = 181
• Pipe, Fittings, and Valves = 181
• Fluid-moving Machinery = 188
• Pumps = 189
• Positive-Displacement Pumps = 193
• Centrifugal Pumps = 195
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors = 204
• Measurement of Flowing Fluids = 214
• Full-Bore Meters = 215
• Insertion Meters = 229
• Symbols = 231
• Problems = 233
• References = 234
• 9 Agitation and Mixing of Liquids = 235
• Agitation of Liquids = 236
• Circulation, Velocities, and Power Consumption in Agitated Vessels = 243
• Blending and Mixing = 257
• Suspension of Solid Particles = 264
• Dispersion Operations = 269
• Symbols = 279
• Problems = 281
• References = 282
• Section 3 Heat Transfer and Its Applications = 285
• 10 heat Transfer by Conduction = 289
• Steady-State Conduction = 292
• Unsteady-State Conduction = 299
• Symbols = 306
• Problems = 307
• References = 308
• 11 Principles of Heat Flow in Fluids = 309
• Energy Balances = 313
• Rate of Heat Transfer = 315
• Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient = 315
• Individual Heat-Transfer Coefficients = 319
• Effective Coefficients for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer = 327
• Symbols = 328
• Problems = 329
• References = 329
• 12 Heat Transfer to Fluids without Phase Change = 330
• Heat Transfer by Forced Convection in Laminar Flow = 333
• Heat Transfer by Forced Convection in Turbulent Flow = 340
• Transfer by Turbulent Eddies and Analogy between Transfer of Momentum and Heat = 348
• Heat Transfer in Transition Region between Laminar and Turbulent Flow = 353
• Transfer to Liquid Metals = 355
• Heating and Cooling of Fluids in Forced Convection outside Tubes = 359
• Natural Convection = 362
• Symbols = 369
• Problems = 371
• References = 373
• 13 Heat Transfer to Fluids with Phase Change = 374
• Heat Transfer from Condensing Vapors = 374
• Heat Transfer to Boiling Liquids = 385
• Symbols = 394
• Problems = 395
• References = 396
• 14 Radiation Heat Transfer = 397
• Emission of Radiation = 398
• Absorption of Radiation by Opaque Solids = 402
• Radiation between Surfaces = 405
• Radiation to Semitransparent Materials = 416
• Combined Heat Transfer by Conduction-Convection and Radiation = 422
• Symbols = 423
• Problems = 425
• References = 426
• 15 Heat-Exchange Equipment = 427
• Heat Exchangers = 428
• Condensers = 439
• Boilers and Calandrias = 442
• Extended Surface Equipment = 445
• Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessels = 451
• Scraped-Surface Exchangers = 453
• Heat Transfer in Packed Beds = 455
• Symbols = 457
• Problems = 459
• References = 461
• 16 Evaporation = 463
• Types of Evaporators = 465
• Performance of Tubular Evaporators = 470
• Evaporator Capacity = 470
• Evaporator Economy = 476
• Vapor Recompression = 490
• Symbols = 492
• Problems = 492
• References = 494
• Section 4 Mass Transfer and Its Applications
• 17 Equilibrium-Stage Operations = 501
• Principles of Stage Processes = 505
• Equilibrium-Stage Calculations for Multicomponent Systems = 519
• Symbols = 519
• Problems = 519
• References = 520
• 18 Distillation = 521
• Flash Distillation = 521
• Continuous Distillation with Reflux (Rectification) = 525
• Material Balances in Plate Columns = 529
• Number of Ideal Plates ; McCabe-Thiele Method = 531
• Enthalpy Balances for Fractionating Columns = 553
• Design of Sieve-Plate Columns = 560
• Plate Efficiency = 568
• Rectification in Packed Towers = 576
• Batch Distillation = 576
• Symbols = 580
• Problems = 582
• References = 587
• 19 Introduction to Multicomponent Distillation = 588
• Flash Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures = 592
• Fractionation of Multicomponent Mixtures = 593
• Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation = 609
• Symbols = 610
• Problems = 611
• References = 613
• 20 Leaching and Extraction = 614
• Leaching = 614
• Leaching Equipment = 615
• Principles of Continuous Countercurrent Leaching = 617
• Liquid Extraction = 623
• Extraction Equipment = 624
• Principles of Extraction = 632
• Supercritical Fluid Extraction = 641
• Symbols = 643
• Problems = 644
• References = 646
• 21 Principles of Diffusion and Mass Transfer between Phases = 647
• Theory of Diffusion = 648
• Mass-Transfer Coefficients and Film Theory = 658
• Penetration Theory of Mass Transfer = 662
• Experimental Measurement of Mass-Transfer Coefficients = 663
• Coefficients for Mass Transfer through Known Areas = 665
• Mass Transfer to Pipes and Cylinders = 666
• Mass Transfer to Particles = 670
• Two-Film Theory = 674
• Stage Efficiencies = 676
• Symbols = 681
• Problems = 683
• References = 685
• 22 Gas Absorption = 686
• Design of Packed Towers = 686
• Principles of Absorption = 697
• Rate of Absorption = 701
• Mass-Transfer Correlations = 713
• Absorption in Plate Columns = 721
• Absorption from Rich Gases = 722
• Absorption with Chemical Reaction = 728
• Other Separations in Packed Columns = 730
• Symbols = 732
• Problems = 734
• References = 736
• 23 Humidification Operations = 738
• Wet-Bulb Temperature and Measurement of Humidity = 747
• Equipment for Humidification Operations = 751
• Theory and Calculation of Humidification Processes = 753
• Symbols = 763
• Problems = 764
• References = 766
• 24 Drying of Solids = 767
• Principles of Drying = 769
• Phase Equilibria = 774
• Cross-Circulation Drying = 776
• Through-Circulation Drying = 788
• Drying of Suspended Particles = 791
• Drying Equipment = 791
• Dryers for Solids and Pastes = 791
• Dryers for Solutions and Slurries = 801
• Selection of Drying Equipment = 805
• Symbols = 806
• Problems = 808
• References = 809
• 25 Adsorption = 810
• Adsorption Equipment = 811
• Equilibria ; Adsorption Isotherms = 814
• Principles of Adsorption = 818
• Basic Equations for Adsorption = 825
• Solutions to Mass-Transfer Equations = 826
• Adsorber Design = 832
• Symbols = 834
• Problems = 835
• References = 837
• 26 Membrane Separation Processes = 838
• Separation of Gases = 838
• Separation of Liquids = 859
• Dialysis = 860
• Membranes for Liquid-Liquid Extraction = 862
• Pervaporation = 864
• Reverse Osmosis = 871
• Symbols = 878
• Problems = 879
• References = 881
• 27 Crystallization = 882
• Crystal Geometry = 883
• Principles of Crystallization = 884
• Equilibria and Yields = 884
• Nucleation = 892
• Crystal Growth = 899
• Crystallization Equipment = 902
• Applications of Principles to Design = 909
• MSMPR Crystallizer = 909
• Crystallization from Melts = 918
• Symbols = 920
• Problems = 921
• References = 923
• Section 5 Operations Involving Particulate Solids = 925
• 28 Properties, Handling, and Mixing of Particulate Solids = 927
• Characterization of Solid Particles = 927
• Properties of Particulate Masses = 936
• Storage of Solids = 939
• Mixing of Solids = 941
• Types of Mixers = 942
• Mixers for Cohesive Solids = 943
• Mixers for Free-Flowing Solids = 952
• Symbols = 957
• Problems = 958
• References = 959
• 29 Size Reduction = 960
• Principles of Comminution = 961
• Computer Simulation of Milling Operations = 965
• Size-Reduction Equipment = 970
• Crushers = 971
• Grinders = 975
• Ultrafine Grinders = 982
• Cutting Machines = 986
• Equipment Operation = 987
• Symbols = 990
• Problems = 992
• References = 992
• 30 Mechanical Separations = 994
• Screening = 994
• Screening Equipment = 995
• Filtration = 1002
• Cake Filters = 1003
• Centrifugal filters = 1011
• Principles of Cake Filtration = 1016
• Clarifying Filters = 1030
• Liquid Clarification = 1030
• Gas Cleaning = 1031
• Principles of clarification = 1032
• Crossflow Filtration = 1033
• Types of Membranes = 1034
• Permeate Flux for Ultrafiltration = 1036
• Concentration Polarization = 1037
• Partial Rejection of Solutes = 1043
• Microfiltration = 1046
• Separation Based on the Motion of Particles through Fluids = 1047
• Gravity Setting Processes = 1048
• Centrifugal Settling Processes = 1060
• Symbols = 1072
• Problems = 1074
• References = 1076
• Appendixes = 1079
• Appendixes 1 Cgs and SI Prefixes for Multiples and Submultiples = 1079
• Appendixes 2 Values of Gas Constant = 1080
• Appendixes 3 conversion Factors and Constants of Nature = 1081
• Appendixes 4 Dimensionless Groups = 1084
• Appendixes 5 Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel Pipe = 1086
• Appendixes 6 Condenser and Heat-Exchanger Tube Data = 1088
• Appendixes 7 Properties of Saturated Steam and Water = 1090
• Appendixes 8 Viscosities of Gases = 1092
• Appendixes 9 Viscosities of Liquids = 1094
• Appendixes 10 Thermal Conductivities of Metals = 1097
• Appendixes 11 Thermal Conductivities of Various Solids and Insulating Materials = 1098
• Appendixes 12 Thermal Conductivities of Gases and Vapors = 1100
• Appendixes 13 Thermal Conductivities of Liquids Other Than Water = 1101
• Appendixes 14 Properties of Liquid Water = 1102
• Appendixes 15 Specific Heats of Gases = 1103
• Appendixes 16 Specific heats of Liquids = 1104
• Appendixes 17 Prandtl Numbers for Gases at 1 atm and 100℃ = 1105
• Appendixes 18 Prandtl Numbers for Liquids = 1106
• Appendixes 19 Diffusivities and Schmidt Numbers for Gases in Air at 0℃ and 1 atm = 1107
• Appendixes 20 Tyler Standard Screen Scale = 1108
• Appendixes 21 K Values for Light Hydrocarbons (Low Temperatures) = 1110
• Appendixes 22 K Values for Light Hydrocarbons (High Temperatures) = 1111
• Index = 1113