This empirical study analyzes the actual state of the management of age-based free-play activities in preschools and preschool teachers' perceptions thereof. To attain the objectives of this study, the following questions were posed.
First, what is ...
This empirical study analyzes the actual state of the management of age-based free-play activities in preschools and preschool teachers' perceptions thereof. To attain the objectives of this study, the following questions were posed.
First, what is the actual state of the management of age-based free-play activities in preschools?
Second, what problems can be identified in terms of age-based free-play activities in preschools?
Third, what are the goals of age-based free-play activities in preschools and what are preschool teachers' perceptions of their role in the conduct of free-choice activities?
To attain the objectives of this study, 261 preschool educators teaching preschool children in C City in Gyeongnam were selected as the study group. The preschool children's ages ranged from less than 1 year of age to five years old.
In terms of research tools, the study was based on those found in Seong Won-gyeong(1990) and Kim Sang-eun(1995)'s research on the management of free-play activities in kindergarten and kindergarten teachers of perceptions thereof. For the outdoor free-play activities, the researcher amended and supplemented the survey used in Yu Jeong-seon(2004)'s study. The questions that appeared in the survey were determined in accordance with a review carried out by a specialist and a preliminary survey of 10 preschool teachers.
The replies were analyzed after having been coded using the SPSS 14.0 program. A Chi-square Test(-test) was implemented to analyze the general differences in terms of the management of free-play activities in preschools. A One-Way ANOVA was implemented to analyze the difficulties which teachers faced in managing age-based free-play activities and the differences in teachers' perceptions of free-play activities. The Scheffe method was employed as a post-test in conjunction with the questions for which significant differences were exhibited.
The results of this study can ben summarized as follows:
First, the analysis of the actual state of the management of age-based indoor free-paly activities in preschools revealed insignificant differences in terms of the time and frequency of indoor free-play activities, the types of indoor free-play activities in which the management was properly carried out, the selection of the ensuing activities, guidance for indoor free-play activities, classroom environment for indoor free-play activities, and the limits placed on the number of preschool children who could engage in individual types of free-play activities. However, significant differences were recorded with regards to the methods used to plan indoor free-play activity, the means used to select free-play activities, the types of indoor free-play activities that were not managed very well and the reasons therefore.
The examination of the actual state of the management of outdoor free-play activities in preschools revealed insignificant differences in terms of whether the outdoor free-play activity hours were organized, whether spaces for outdoor free-play activities existed, the kinds of outdoor play areas, the types of outdoor free-play activities that were well managed and the reasons therefore, the types of outdoor free-play activities that were not properly managed and the reasons therefore, and the frequency of outdoor free-play activities. On the other hand, significant differences were recorded with regards to the hours in which outdoor free-play activities were implemented, the amount of time used up for outdoor free-play activities, and the amount of time needed to properly conduct the outdoor free-play activities. In addition, significant differences were exhibited in terms of the assessment and evaluation methods used after the completion of the free-play activities based on the ages of the preschool children.
Second, significant differences were also exhibited with regards to the difficulties faced by preschool teachers in managing the free-play activities based on the age of the preschool children.
Third, slight differences were exhibited in terms of teachers' perceptions of the goals of free-play activities and their roles depending on the age of the preschool children.
The improvement of the management of age-based free-play activities for preschool children will require the establishment of a specialized structure. Teachers should be provided with the opportunity to learn how to properly plan, implement, and assess age-based free-play activities for preschool children. In addition, when it comes to free-play activities, different goals and teachers' roles should be developed based on the age of the preschool children.