Microprocessors and microcomputers

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1.8. BCD Arithmetic Operations = 23
• 1.9. Hexadecimal Arithmetic = 25
• Glossary = 27
• Questions and Problems = 27
• 2. DIGJTAL CIRCUITS = 30
• 2.1. Parallel and Serial Transmission = 31
• 2.2. Logic Gates = 32
• 2.3. Logic Equivalences = 34
• 2.4. Integrated-Circuit Logic Families = 35
• 2.5. Tri-state Logic = 36
• 2.6. Hip-Flops = 37
• 2.7. Clock Signals = 39
• 2.8. Clocked Flip-Flops = 40
• 2.9. Synchronous and Asynchronous FF inputs = 43
• 2.10. Binary Counters = 44
• 2.11. FF Registers = 47
• 2.12. IC Registers = 49
• 2.13. Data Busing = 52
• 2.14. Decoders = 56
• 2.15. Encoders = 58
• 2.16. Multiplexers (Data Selectors) = 59
• 2.17. Demultiplexers (Data Distributors) = 60
• 2.18. Arithmetic Circuits 60
• Glossary = 62
• Questions and Problems = 63
• 3. MEMORY DEVICES = 65
• 3.1. Memory Terminology = 67
• 3.2. General Memory Operation = 69
• 3.3. Semiconductor Memory Technologies = 71
• 3.4. Read-Only Memories = 73
• 3.5. ROM Architecture = 76
• 3.6. ROM Timing = 78
• 3.7. Types of ROMs = 79
• 3.8. ROM Applications = 86
• 3.9. Semiconductor RAMs = 88
• 3.10. RAM Architecture = 88
• 3.11. Static RAM = 91
• 3.12. Dynamic RAM = 95
• 3.13. Dynamic RAM Structure and Operation = 96
• 3.14. DRAM Refreshing = 101
• 3.15. Expanding Word Size and Capacity = 102
• 3.16. Magnetic Bubble Memories = 108
• 3.17. Charge-Coupled-Device Memory = 109
• Glossary = 110
• Questions and Problems = 112
• 4. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS = 120
• 4.1. What Can Computers Do? = 121
• 4.2. How Do Computers Think? = 123
• 4.3. How Many Kinds of Computers Are There? = 126
• 4.4. Basic Computer Structure = 127
• 4.5. Microprocessors-The 6502 = 132
• 4.6. Computer Words = 132
• 4.7. Binary Data Words = 133
• 4.8. Coded Data Words = 134
• 4.9. Instruction Words = 136
• 4.10. The 6502 MPU-A Simplified Version = 141
• 4.11. Executing a Program = 144
• 4.12. Jump and Branch Instructions = 149
• 4.13. Hardware, Software, and Firmware = 152
• 4.14. Programming Languages-Machine Language = 152
• 4.15. Assembly Language = 154
• 4.16. High-level Languages = 157
• Glossary = 159
• Questions and Problems = 161
• 5. MICROCOMPUTER STRUCTURE AND OPERATION = 166
• 5.1. Microcomputer Elements = 166
• 5.2. Why μPs and μCs? = 168
• 5.3. Microcomputer Architecture = 170
• 5.4. READ and WRITE Timing = 174
• 5.5. Bus Activity during Program Execution = 178
• 5.6. MPU Address Space Allocation = 181
• 5.7. Memory Modules = 184
• 5.8. Address Decoding = 187
• 5.9. Complete Microcomputer Decoding Example = 187
• 5.10. Buffering the MPU Buses = 199
• 5.11. Memory-Mapped and isolated I／0 = 201
• Glossary = 202
• Questions and Problems = 203
• 6. THE MICROPROCESSOR-HEART OF THE MICROCOMPUTER = 208
• 6.1. 6502 MPU-Complete Version = 209
• 6.2. Timing and Control Section = 209
• 6.3. Register Section = 212
• 6.4. Arithmetic ／ Logic Unit = 223
• 6.5. Popular 8-Bit Microprocessors = 229
• 6.6. 16-Bit Microprocessors = 235
• 6.7. Single-Chip Microcomputers = 236
• 6.8. Bit-Slice Microprocessors = 237
• Glossary = 239
• Questions and Problems = 240
• 7. PROGRAMMING THE 6502 = 243
• 7.1. 6502 Programming Model = 244
• 7.2. 6502 Address Modes = 248
• 7.3. The 6502 Instruction Set = 253
• 7.4. Instruction Descriptions = 255
• 7.5. Program Listing Format = 256
• 7.6. Flowcharts = 257
• 7.7. Instruction Classifications = 258
• 7.8. Machine Status Control Instructions = 259
• 7.9. Data-Transfer Instructions = 260
• 7.10. Arithmetic Instructions = 263
• 7.11. Logical Instructions = 268
• 7.12. Shift and Rotate Instructions = 272
• 7.13. Decrement／Increment Instructions = 277
• 7.14. Unconditional Jump = 278
• 7.15. Conditional Branching = 279
• 7.16. 6502 Conditional Branch Instructions = 284
• 7.17. Compare Instructions = 288
• 7.18. The Bit-Test Instruction = 291
• 7.19. Subroutines = 293
• 7.20. Interrupt Handling Instructions = 297
• 7.21. Indexed Addressing Modes = 297
• 7.22. Applications Using Indexed Addressing = 299
• 7.23. Indirect Addressing = 304
• 7.24. The No-Operation Instruction = 305
• 7.25. Program-Controlled Timing Intervals (Delays) = 306
• 7.26. Time Delay Subroutines = 310
• 7.27. Multibyte Arithmetic Operations = 314
• 7.28. The Software Development Process = 316
• Glossary = 319
• Questions and Problems = 320
• 8. INPUT／OUTPUT MODES = 332
• 8.1. Some Basic Terms = 332
• 8.2. Some Examples of I／O = 333
• 8.3. Input／Output Alternatives = 335
• 8.4. MPU-Initiated-Unconditional I／O Transfer = 336
• 8.5. MPU-Initiated-Conditional (Polled) I／O Transfer = 340
• 8.6. Device-Initiated I／O Transfer-interrupts = 346
• 8.7. Return Address = 348
• 8.8. Disabling the Interrupt = 348
• 8.9. Types of Interrupt Inputs = 350
• 8.10. Address of an ISR = 353
• 8.11. Interrupting an ISR = 354
• 8.12. Multiple Interrupts = 356
• 8.13. Device-Initiated I／O Transfer-Direct Memory Access = 358
• Glossary = 362
• Questions and Problems = 362
• 9. INPUT／OUTPUT INTERFACING = 366
• 9.1. Practical Interface Considerations = 366
• 9.2. Asynchronous Serial Data Communication = 373
• 9.3. Parallel／Serial Interface-The UART = 377
• 9.4. Motorola 6850 UART (ACIA) = 381
• 9.5. Interfacing the 6850 to the 6502
• 9.6. Synchronous Serial Data Communication = 393
• 9.7. Serial Communication Standards = 394
• 9.8. Parallel I／O Interface Chips = 402
• 9.9. Parallel Bus Standards = 410
• 9.10. Keyboard Input Devices = 413
• 9.11. Magnetic Tape Storage = 422
• 9.12. Floppy Disks (or Diskettes) = 427
• 9.13. Video Display Terminals (VDTs) = 431
• Glossary = 438
• Questions and Problems = 440
• Appendix A COMPLETE 6502 INSTRUCTION SET = 447
• Appendix B 6502 OP-CODES-NUMERICAL ORDER = 466
• ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS = 471
• INDEX = 475