Introduction to GNSS geodesy : foundations of precise positioning using global navigation satellite systems

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part I. Introduction
• 1 Augmented Reality : A GNSS Use Case = 3
• 1.1 Accurate Geopositioning = 3
• 1.2 High-Accuracy AR Applications = 7
• 1.3 Concluding Remarks = 11
• References = 11
• 2 GNSS Constellations and Signals = 13
• 2.1 GNSS Constellations = 13
• 2.2 GNSS Signals.. 15
• References = 18
• Part II. Key Elements of GNSS Geodesy
• 3 Reference Systems in GNSS Geodesy = 23
• 3.1 Time Scales and Their Relationships = 23
• 3.2 Geodetic Datums and Coordinate Systems. 28
• 3.2.1 Geocentric Cartesian Coordinates = 28
• 3.2.2 Latitude, Longitude, and Ellipsoidal Height = 30
• 3.2.3 Local Geodetic Horizon Coordinates = 31
• 3.2.4 Coordinate System Conversions = 32
• 3.2.5 Datum Transformations and Map Projections = 35
• 3.3 Reference Surfaces and GNSS-Derived Heights = 41
• 3.4 Earth Orientation and Polar Motion = 43
• 3.5 ITRF and GNSS Reference Frames = 45
• 3.5.1 International Terrestrial Reference Frame = 45
• 3.5.2 GNSS Reference Frames = 47
• References = 49
• 4 Estimating Geodetic Parameters from GNSS = 51
• 4.1 Estimating Geodetic Parameters = 51
• 4.2 Mathematical Concept = 53
• 4.2.1 Estimation by Least Squares = 53
• 4.2.2 Reducing Errors and Biases = 57
• 4.2.3 Combining Multiple Data = 58
• References = 60
• 5 GNSS Observation Models = 61
• 5.1 Geometric Range Modeling = 61
• 5.1.1 Code Pseudorange Observation Equation = 62
• 5.1.2 Phase Observation Equation = 64
• 5.2 GNSS Error Sources = 65
• 5.2.1 Atmospheric Effects = 66
• 5.2.2 Multipath = 66
• 5.2.3 Orbital Errors = 67
• 5.2.4 Satellite and Receiver Clock Offsets = 67
• 5.2.5 Antenna Phase Center Variation = 68
• 5.2.6 Other Factors = 68
• 5.3 Error Mitigation Methods = 69
• 5.3.1 Differenced Observables = 69
• 5.3.2 Error Modeling = 77
• References = 91
• 6 GNSS CORS Networks and Data = 93
• 6.1 Geodetic CORS = 93
• 6.1.1 Definitions = 93
• 6.1.2 Guidelines = 95
• 6.2 Tracking Networks and Services = 98
• 6.2.1 Introduction = 98
• 6.2.2 IGS Network = 99
• 6.2.3 NOAA Network = 100
• 6.2.4 APREF Network = 101
• 6.2.5 EUREF Network = 102
• 6.2.6 SIRGAS Network = 104
• 6.2.7 AFREF Network = 105
• 6.2.8 Other Networks = 105
• 6.3 GNSS Raw Data Exchange Formats = 106
• 6.3.1 RINEX Format = 107
• 6.3.2 RTCM Format = 113
• 6.3.3 BINEX Format = 115
• 6.3.4 Other Formats = 115
• References = 116
• 7 GNSS Data Processing = 119
• 7.1 Introduction = 119
• 7.2 Preprocessing = 121
• 7.2.1 Smoothed Code Observations = 121
• 7.2.2 Clock Jumps = 122
• 7.2.3 Cycle Slips = 123
• 7.3 Ambiguity Fixing = 124
• 7.3.1 Mathematical Model = 124
• 7.3.2 Estimation Process = 125
• 7.3.3 Baseline-Dependent Strategies = 127
• 7.4 Reprocessing = 128
• 7.4.1 Workflow = 128
• 7.4.2 Epoch Solutions = 128
• 7.4.3 Time Series.. 129
• References = 133
• Correction to : Introduction to GNSS Geodesy = C1
• A GNSS Satellite Orbit Model = 135
• A.1 Orbital State Vector = 135
• A.2 Keplerian Elements = 137
• A.3 Orbit Perturbations = 138
• References = 143
• B GNSS Linear Combinations = 145
• B.1 Dual-Frequency Model = 145
• B.1.1 General Form = 145
• B.1.2 Ionosphere-Free = 146
• B.1.3 Geometry-Free = 147
• B.1.4 Wide-Lane = 147
• B.1.5 Melbourne–Wubbena = 147
• B.2 Triple-Frequency Model = 148
• B.2.1 General Form = 148
• B.2.2 Code-Phase Model = 148
• B.3 Important Factors = 149
• B.3.1 Wavelengths. 149
• B.3.2 Coefficients = 149
• References = 150
• C GNSS Applications in Geohazard, Infrastructure, and
• Environmental Monitoring = 151
• C.1 Earth and Land Deformation in Millimeters = 151
• C.2 GNSS Instrumentation of Tall Buildings and Other
• Structures in Hurricane/Typhoon-Prone Areas = 153
• C.3 GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) = 154
• References = 155
• D Linear Model for Phase Observable = 157
• Index = 159