제10장 체육 교과 "경쟁 활동" 영역의 내용 체계 = 10. A Study on the Contents System for the Domain of 『Competition Activities』in Physical Education

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 체육교과 ``경쟁 활동`` 영역의 내용체계를 구체적으로 분석하여 제시하는 것이다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면, 피하기형 경쟁 활동의 대표적인 예는 태그형과 피구형 등이다. 태그형 게임의 대표적인 예는 ``악어를 피하라``, ``이어달리는 술래잡기`` 등이다. 피구형 게임의 대표적인 예는 ``방패 피구``, ``간이 피구`` 등이다. 영역형 경쟁 활동의 대표적인 예는 럭비형, 농구형, 축구형, 하키형 등이다. 럭비형 게임 활동 과정에서 유의할 사항은 페어플레이와 협동을 강조하며 이를 실천하도록 하기, 고무공을 사용하여 다칠 염려를 최소화하기, 지나친 경쟁으로 사고가 발생하지 않도록 하기 등이다. 필드형 경쟁 활동의 대표적인 예는 주먹야구, 간이 발야구, 간이 야구 등이다. 주먹야구 활동 과정에서 유의할 사항은 게임의 방법과 규칙 스스로 정하기, 어느 공간으로 공을 칠 것인가를 생각하며 참여하기 등이다. 네트형 경쟁 활동의 대표적인 예는 간이 족구, 간이 배드민턴, 간이 테니스, 간이 배구 등이다. 간이 족구 게임 활동 과정에서 유의할 사항은 득점에 집착하여 지나치게 과격한 행동을 보이지 않기, 같은 모둠끼리 패스하며 득점할 수 있는 상황을 만들기 등이다. 본 연구결과에 근거하여 결론을 제시하여 보면, 체육교육에서 ``경쟁 활동``은 피하기형·영역형·필드형·네트형 경쟁으로 구분할 수 있다. 경쟁 활동의 유형별 이해하기는 의미와 특성을 이해하는데 초점이 맞추어 진다. 경쟁 활동의 유형별 적용하기는 기본기능의 습득과 게임전략의 습득, 그리고 적용에 초점이 맞추어 진다. 이와 같은 경쟁 활동의 유형별 게임 참여는 다음과 같은 교육적 효과가 있다. 피구형, 태그 게임 등과 같은 피하기형 게임의 참여 경험은 타인이해를 실천하는 교육적 효과가 있다. 축구, 농구, 핸드볼, 하키, 럭비, 풋살 등과 같은 영역형 게임과 스포츠 경기의 참여 경험은 팀워크와 페어플레이, 그리고 리더십과 팔로십을 실천하는 교육적 효과가 있다. 소프트볼, 야구, 발야구, 티볼 등과 같은 필드형 게임과 스포츠 경기의 참여 경험은 자기 책임감과 사회적 책임감 개념을 실천하는 교육적 효과가 있다. 배구, 배드민턴, 탁구, 테니스, 족구 등과 같은 네트형 게임과 스포츠 경기의 참여 경험은 운동예절 개념과 경기예절 개념을 실천하는 교육적 효과가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to present a concrete analysis of the contents of 「competition activities」 in physical education. In this context, the research questions were posed to achieve the objectives of this study. First, how are the contents of dodge competition activities in physical education organized? Second, how are the contents of territory competition activities in physical education organized? Third, what are the contents of field competition activities in physical education organized? Fourth, how are the contents of net competition activities in physical education organized? The major findings of the study were as follows: the main examples of dodge competition activities included tag and dodge ball. The main examples of tag were "avoiding crocodiles" and "relay tag", and the main examples of dodge ball were "shield dodge ball" and "simple dodge ball". In tag, it is important to consider using detection for an advantageous position, being cautious of injury by collision. It is also important to ensure that students of lower athletic ability can participate. In dodge ball, it is important to consider not throwing balls toward faces and establishing the rules of the game by mutual agreement in advance. The main examples of territory competition activities included rugby, basketball, soccer, and hockey. In rugby, it is important to consider emphasizing and practicing fair play and cooperation, minimizing the possibility of injury by using rubber balls, and preventing accidents from excessive competitiveness. In basketball, it is important to consider using a soft volleyball or basketball suitable for the students` level and helping students realize the strategies and tactics by presenting the game and the rules. In soccer, it is important to consider not emphasizing high-level functions and encouraging fair play. In hockey, it is important to consider being cautious by not brandishing hockey sticks excessively and not hitting defenseman. It is necessary introduce the importance of teamwork. The main examples of territory competition sports were soccer, basketball, handball, hockey, rugby, and futsal. The study recommends introducing modified rules for established sports is territory competition sports: futsal which uses principles of soccer, netball which uses principles of basketball, choukball which uses principles of handball, and floorball which uses principles of hockey. The main examples of field competition activities included fist baseball, simplicity kickball, and simplicity baseball. In fist baseball, it is important to consider for the students to establish the methods and rules of the game by themselves, and to participate in the game while thinking about where they should kick the ball. In simplicity kickball, it is important to consider removing fear of the ball, thinking about the relations between the position of one`s foot and the direction of the ball. In simplicity baseball, it is important to consider controlling the methods and rules of the game to make them suited to the level of the students and to ensure that they enjoy participating in the game. The main examples of field competitive sports included softball, baseball, and kickball. The new main examples of field competitive sports included teeball in which principles of baseball are applied. The main examples of net competition activities included simplicity foot volleyball, simplicity badminton, simplicity tennis, and simplicity volleyball. In simplicity foot volleyball, it is important to consider not showing excessive behaviors upon scoring and making situations in which the same group consistently scores. In simplicity badminton, it is important to consider re-constructing activity contents by level and phase while considering the shape of the playground and the number of participants. In simplicity tennis, it is important to consider participating in the game by using tools suitable for situations when rackets are too heavy or big. It is also necessary to ensure that groups are well-balanced and do not consist of only students with superior functions. In simplicity volleyball, it is important to consider evenly arranging students with superior functions while making groups and helping students to fulfil the roles required by their positions. The main examples of net competition sports included volleyball, badminton, table tennis, tennis, and foot volleyball. The new main examples of net competition sports included volleyball, indiaca in which badminton is applied, and free tennis in which tennis and table tennis are applied. In conclusion, competition activities in physical education can be divided into dodge, territory, field, and net competition. The applied competition activities were focused on mastering basic functions and game strategies and the application of them to a field game. Competition activities are focused on mastering basic functions and game strategies and the application of them to a field game. Competition activities had the following educational effects. The experience of participating in dodge games such as dodge ball and tag had educational effects of practicing understanding of others. The experience of participating in territory games and sports such as soccer, basketball, handball, hockey, rugby, and futsal had educational effects in terms of practicing teamwork, fair play, leadership, and following instructions. The experience of participating in field games and sports such as softball, baseball, kickball, and teeball had educational effects in terms of practicing self- and social responsibility. The experience of participating in net games and sports such as volleyball, badminton, table tennis, and foot volleyball had educational effects in terms of practicing sport etiquette and playing etiquette.