농산물 중 환경독성물질에 대한 안전성 평가기술 개발

국문 초록 (Abstract)

◇농산물 중 진균독소의 안정성 평가기술 개발
각 시료에 대한 평균 회수율은 93.0%, 표준편차 9.4%로 시료별 회수율과 aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1), aflatoxin B_2(AFB_2) aflatoxin G_1(AFG_1), aflatoxin G_2(AFG_2)의 독소별 회수율도 높게 나타났다. 61개의 시료를 분석한 결과 6개(11.5%)에서 aflatoxin이 검출되었으며 그 농도는 1.38-374.70 ppb수준이었다. 중국산 살구종자에서는 우리 나라의 법적 기준 허용치인 10 ppb 이상이 검출되었다 56개의 시료 중 19개 (34%)가 A flavus에 오염되어 있었으며 각 시료에서 aflatoxin을 생성하는 균주 54개를 선발하였다 이들에 대한 aflatoxin의 생성능 조사에서는 32개 (59.3%)의 균주가 aflatoxin을 생성하였으며 생성농도의 범위는 0.01-542.88 ppm이었다. 이들 중 건무화과와 피스탓치오넛에서 분리된 4 균주는 AFB_1, AFB_2, AFG_1, AFG_@ 모두를 생성하였으며 그 농도 또한 20 ppm이상이었다
◇농산물 중 농약에 대한 안전성 평가기술 개발
과실 및 채소시료에 대하여 acetone 추출, dichloromethane 분배법 및 silica gel column chromatography에 의한 정제, 그리고 gas-liquid chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection에 의한 기기 분석과정을 적용하여 대상 18종 살균제중 15종에 대하여 신속하면서도 간편한 다중분석이 가능하였다 공시 7종 과실 및 채소를 대상으로 15종 살균제에 대하여 개발한 다중분석법의 분석효율을 검정한 결과, 70%이상의 회수율과 20%미만의 분석오차를 나타내어 다중잔류분석법의 기준을 만족하는 것으로 평가되었다. 분석법의 검출한계는 농약별로 0.008~0.04mg/kg이었으며 대상농약의 잔류량 검색에 충분히 활용할 수 있는 높은 감도를 나타내었다.
◇식품 저장 가공 중 환경독성물질에 대한 안전성 평가기술 개발
제품명이 다른 13개의 사과주스 제품에 대해 carbendazim의 오염 수준을 분석하였다 Benzene 추출물의 HPLC분석시 적당한 분석 조건을 설정함으로써 carbendazim을 다른 성분으로부터 용이하게 분리하였다. Carbendazim은 Waters symmetry C18 (3.9×150nm) column을 사용하여 reverse phase HPLC로 30% acetonitrile 용액을 1.0mL/min의 유속으로 흘리면서 240nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 검출하였다. 분석 결과 7개 제품은 20-100 ppb 수준으로, 나머지 6개 제품은 100-300 ppb 수준으로 carbendazim을 함유하였다. 이 분석방법에서의 검출 한계농도는 10 ppb와 24 ppb 사이이며, 24-47 ppb 오염 수준에 대해 65-90% 의 회수율을 보였다. 또한 사과주스 제조 공정 중 patulin과 carbendazim의 잔류량 변화를 조사하였다. 원료 사과를 파쇄, 착즙한 후 500 ppb의 농도로 carbendazim과 patulin을 첨가하고 97℃에서 40초간의 살균공정을 거친 사과주스와 거치지 않은 사과주스의 cabendazim과 patulin의 잔류량을 비교 분석 하였다. Carbendazim의 잔류량은 이 실험에서 사용한 살균처리에 의해 감소되지 않는 것으로 나타났고, patulin은 23%가 감소하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Aflatoxins(AFs), naturally-occurring carcinogenic compounds produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, were analyzed in 89 samples by high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. AFs were detected in 7 (11.3%) of 62 imported foods, 8 (36.4%) of 22 domestic feeds and 3 (60.0%) of 5 imported feedstuffs at the levels of 1.38-374.70, 1.94-16.66 and 22.70-199.80 ng/g respectively. Two foods and two feedstuffs were contaminated with AFs over the legal tolerance limit in Korea. Total 83 isolates of A. flovus and related fungi were isolated from 75 samples by dilution plating method on Aspergilus Flavus/Parasiticus Agar(AFPA) medium. Thirty two isolates from imported foods, 6 from domestic feeds and 5 from feedstuffs produced AFs on rice medium at the levels of 0.01-542.88, 0.01-5.24 and 0.51-30.07 ㎍/g respectively. Of 45 AFs-producing isolates, 4 from pistachio nuts and dried figs coproduced AFG_1 and AFG_2 as well as AFB_1 and AFB_2

A total of 214 Fusarium graminearum isolates were obtained from corn and barley which were collected from Kangwon provice and the southern part of Korea, respectively, and were tested for 8-ketotrichothecenes and zearaenone(ZEA) production on rice grains. The incidences of trichothecene production by 105 isolates of F graminearum from corn were 59.0% for deoxynivalenol(DON), 37.1% for 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol(15-ADON), 13.3% for 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-ADON), 7.6% for 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol(3,15-DADON), 20.0% for nivalenol(NIV), 6.7% for 4-acetylnivalenol(4-ANIV), and 1.0% for 4,15-diacetylnivalenol(4,15-DANIV). DON chemotypes frequently produced 15-ADON as the major isomer rather than 3-ADON and 9 of the 61 DON chemotypes produced low levels of NIV. On the other hand, the incidences of trichothecene production of 109 isolates by F. graminearum from barley were 24.8% for DON, 72.5% for NIV, 62.4% for 4-ANIV, and 10.1% for 4,15-DANIV. Of these isolates, 78 were NIV chemotypes and only one isolate produced DON and 3-ADON as major toxins. In addition, 26 of the 78 NIV chemotypes produced low levels of DON. ZEA was frequently produced by the trichothecene-producing isolates and the incidences of ZEA were 51.4% and 31.2% for the isolates from corn and barley, respectively. There was a great regional difference in trichothecene production by F. graminearum isolates between corn- and barley-producing areas in Korea

Extraction and cleanup methods were investigated for a multi-residue analysi of 18 fungicides, known as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs), from 7 major vegetables and fruits. All the compounds were extracted with acetone or methanol from the samples and completely partitioned into dichloromethane phase. Partition efficiencies ranged from 95 8% to 110.2%. A modified coagulation was partially applicable to eleven frungicides as a cleanup method with recoveries of 87.1%~104.5%. Column chromatography using Florisil, silica gel, and charcoal/Celite 545 was tried to separate fungicides and interfering co-extractives. Of three adsorbents, silica gel showed the highest efficiency to remove interferences and to fractionate analytes Combining the extraction, partition and silica gel cleanup, 15 fungicides were be successfully recovered for further determination

Gas and liquid chromatographic methods were performed to determine the multiple residues of 18 fungicides, known as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) High-performance liquid chromatography with the detection of ultravioloet absoption seemed to be partly applicable to selected fungicides containing long UV chromophore Gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection was successfully applied to all the fungicides. Using HP-5 capillary column, 15 fungicides were completely separated under optimized temperature programming. Three overlapping fungicides could be separated on additional SPB-608capillary column, which was also used for the confirmatory purpose Minimum detectable quantitiy of the compound ranged from 0.04ng to 0 2ng Recoveries of 15 fungicides from fortified vegetable and fruit samples were more than 70% except those of prochloraz from pear, cucumber and strawberry samples Relative standard deviations of the analytical method were mostly less than 20%. Detection limits of the analytical method were in the range of 0.008~0.04mg/kg The proposed method was reproducible and sensitive enough to evaluate the terminal residues in vegetables and fruits

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 농산물 중 환경독성물질에 대한 평가기술 개발
• 요약문
• 농산물 중 진균독소의 안전성 평가기술 개발
• Ⅰ.서론
• Ⅱ.실험재료 및 방법
• Ⅲ.결과
• Ⅳ.논의
• Ⅴ.결론
• Ⅵ.참고문헌
• ABTRACT
• Variation in 8-ketotrichothecenes and zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum isolates...
• Abstract
• 1.introduction
• 2.Materials and methods
• 3.Results
• 4.Discussion
• References
• 농산물중 농약에 대한 안전성 평가기술 개발
• Ⅰ.서론
• Ⅱ.재료 및 방법
• Ⅲ.결과 및 고찰
• Ⅳ.결론
• Ⅴ.참고문헌