This study aims to identify the factors influencing Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and the likelihood of wearing dentures among middle-aged and older adults, and to comprehensively analyze the relationship between these two variables. Da...
This study aims to identify the factors influencing Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and the likelihood of wearing dentures among middle-aged and older adults, and to comprehensively analyze the relationship between these two variables. Data were drawn from the 9th wave (2022) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service. The final analysis included 6,019 respondents aged 55 and older who provided complete data for all key variables.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) was analyzed by calculating the mean score of 12 items. Denture status was categorized as ‘present’ or ‘absent.’ Independent variables included sex, age, residential area, educational level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, presence of dementia or disability, major systemic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and arthritis), presence of pain, sleep problems, and subjective health status. Data analysis was performed considering the complex sample design, utilizing frequency analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Rao–Scott χ² test, linear regression, and logistic regression.
The results showed that the mean score for Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) was 4.37 (out of a maximum of 6 points), and 20.9% of the total participants were found to wear dentures. Analysis according to general characteristics revealed significant differences in OHRQoL based on sex, age, educational level, alcohol consumption, dementia, disability, major systemic diseases, pain, sleep problems, and subjective health status (p < 0.001).
Linear regression analysis revealed that OHRQoL was significantly higher among respondents who were male, younger, more highly educated, and consumers of alcohol (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the absence of dementia, diabetes, pain, and sleep problems, along with better subjective health status, were significantly associated with higher OHRQoL (p < 0.05).
Logistic regression analysis on the likelihood of wearing dentures showed that being male, older age, and lower educational level were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of denture use (p < 0.05). Additionally, the probability of wearing dentures increased significantly among those diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, dementia, or sleep problems (p < 0.05).
Conversely, the likelihood of wearing dentures was significantly lower among those who consumed alcohol and those who perceived their subjective health status as ‘fair’ (p < 0.05).
In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that OHRQoL and the likelihood of wearing dentures among middle-aged and older adults are closely related not only to sociodemographic factors but also to health-related factors, such as various systemic diseases, pain, and sleep problems. Notably, denture status should be interpreted as an indicator reflecting the cumulative loss of teeth, overall systemic health, and levels of functional adaptation, rather than merely the outcome of prosthetic treatment. These results suggest that integrated management approaches considering systemic health, alongside prevention-oriented oral healthcare strategies, are essential to enhancing oral health and improving the quality of life for the middle-aged and elderly population.