조직정치지각이 사회적 태만행동에 미치는 영향: 조직냉소주의의 매개역할 및 학습목표지향의 조절역할 = The Effects of Perceived Organizational Politics on Social Loafing Behaviors: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Cynicism and the Moderating Effects of Learning Goal Orientation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, studies in the field of organizational behavior have largely focused on the positive behaviors of organizational members, such as organizational citizenship behavior and innovative behavior while relatively less attention has been given to the negative behaviors of organizational members. Among negative behaviors, this study aims to examine the antecedent of and influential processes on social loafing behavior of organizational members. Even though organizations have strived to find ways and introduce systems in order to improve work efficiency and effectiveness of organizational members, there are still many organizational members who are socially loafing.
Therefore, it is very important for organizations to come up with means to reduce or remove negative behaviors of organizational members as much as to foster and improve positive behaviors of organizational members. Scholars have suggested that organizational politics have negative effects on the perception of organizational members so that they think that their organizational environments are not fair when other members utilize politics to gain benefits. This study aims to test the effects of perceived organizational politics on social loafing behaviors of organizational members. We also suggested that the influential process of perceived organizational politics on social loafing behavior would be mediated by organizational cynicism. Moreover, it is also suggested that the effects of perceived organizational politics on social loafing behavior through organizational cynicism will be moderated by learning goal orientation of organizational members. Data were collected from the local government officers through 2 time points and the final sample size was 260 respondents. The results of this study show that perceived organizational politics increased social loafing behaviors of organizational members. That is, organizational members with higher perception of organizational politics are more likely to increase social loafing behaviors. The relationship between perceived organizational politics and social loafing behaviors was fully mediated by organizational cynicism.
The effects of perception on organizational politics increase organizational cynicism, and then the increased organizational cynicism has positive effects on social loafing of organizational members.
The effects of organizational cynicism on social loafing behavior of organizational members were moderated by learning goal orientation, such that the effects of organizational cynicism on social loafing behavior were stronger for those with high learning goal orientation than those with low learning goal orientation. With further examination, it was found that those with lower learning goal orientation show higher level of social loafing behaviors regardless of the level of organizational cynicism. However, those with higher learning goal orientation show lower level of social loafing behaviors with low level of organizational cynicism and their social loafing behaviors were increased with the increase of their organizational cynicism. Finally, the indirect effect of perceived organizational politics on social loafing behaviors through organizational cynicism was also moderated by the level of learning goal orientation such that the indirect effect was only statistically significant when learning goal orientation was high.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 조직구성원의 부정적 행동 중에서 사회적 태만행동의 선행요인과 그 영향력 과정에 대한 연구이다. 최근 업무 효율성을 높이기 위한 조직들의 노력에도 불구하고 조직 내 사회적 태만행동은 사라지지 않고있는데, 조직에서는 조직구성원의 긍정적 행동을 장려하는 것만큼 부정적 행동을 예방하는 것이 중요하다.
다양한 선행연구에도 불구하고 무엇이 사회적 태만행동을 유발하는지에 대한 관심은 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제인식 속에서 사회적 태만행동의 선행요인으로 조직정치지각의 영향을 확인함으로써 기존 선행연구의 영역을 확장하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 조직정치지각과 사회적 태만행동의 관계에서조직냉소주의의 매개효과를 확인하고, 조직구성원들의 학습목표지향이 이러한 영향력 관계에 어떠한 영향을미치는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 기초지방자치단체 공무원 260명을 대상으로 자료를수집하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 조직정치지각이 높을수록 사회적 태만행동은 높아지며, 조직정치지각과 사회적 태만행동의 관계를 조직냉소주의가 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조직냉소주의와 사회적태만행동 간의 정적 관계는 학습목표지향이 높을수록 더 강하게 나타났다. 그런데 조절효과에 대한 분석결과학습목표지향이 낮은 구성원의 경우에는 조직냉소주의의 변화와 상관없이 높은 사회적 태만행동을 보인 반면에 학습목표지향이 높은 구성원의 경우에는 조직냉소주의가 증가함에 따라서 사회적 태만행동이 증가하는현상을 보였다. 한편, 조직냉소주의를 매개로 조직정치지각이 사회적 태만행동에 미치는 간접효과도 학습목표지향에 따라서 달라짐이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 사회적 태만행동 선행요인으로 조직정치지각이 미치는 영향을확인하였다는 점과, 구성원의 개인특성인 학습목표지향의 조절효과를 확인하였다는 점에서 시사점이 있다.
이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 조직이 구성원의 사회적 태만행동을 줄이기 위해서는 조직 내 구성원들의 조직정치지각을 낮추기 위한 운영 측면에서의 고민이 필요하며, 조직구성원에게 우호적인 업무환경을 조성해 줄필요성이 있음을 확인하였다는 점에서 실무적인 함의를 제공한다. 아울러 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향에대해 논의하였다.

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