청소년 자녀를 둔 부모를 위한 게슈탈트 집단상담 부모교육 프로그램의 개발과 효과 = Development and Effectiveness of a Gestalt-Based Group Counseling Parent Education Program for Parents of Adolescents

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to develop a group counseling parent education program for parents of adolescents based on Gestalt counseling theory and to examine its effectiveness. To develop the program, this study followed Kim et al.’s (2011) Four-Stage development procedure (planning, construction, implementation, and evaluation), and applied Polster’s (1987) Gestalt group development stages and Kim’s (2015) Four-Stage Gestalt Counseling Procedure as the theoretical framework for group counseling. To verify effectiveness, a 10-session program was conducted with an experimental group (n=7) and a control group (n=7), analyzing pre-post changes in parenting attitudes, parent-child relationship satisfaction, and parent-child communication. Quantitative analysis employed non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank) and effect sizes (r = z/√N), while qualitative analysis utilized directed content analysis and Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) analysis. Results showed that the experimental group, compared to the control group, demonstrated significant changes in parenting attitude, with increased supportive expression and decreased achievement pressure, interference, excessive expectations, and inconsistency. Significant improvements were also found in parent-child relationship satisfaction (psychological, relational, communication domains) and parent-child communication (increased open communication, decreased problematic communication). Directed content analysis revealed that participants recognized repetitive behavioral patterns and their backgrounds, explored connections between family-of-origin experiences and current parenting, and applied group experiences to daily relationships. KFD analysis showed positive changes in emotional connectedness, interaction patterns, emotional expression, and parenting attitudes. These findings demonstrate that the program facilitated the resolution of unfinished business, identity recovery, and establishment of parenting philosophy through enhanced parental awareness and relational contact abilities, thereby providing a foundation for supporting adolescents’ autonomy and psychological independence. This study represents the first systematic development and validation of a Gestalt group counseling program for parents of adolescents, holding both academic and practical significance.