軍事裁判에 관한 憲法學的 硏究 ―軍事法院의 構成과 運營의 改善方案을 中心으로― = A Constitutional Study on the Military Justice System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Article 110 Sec. 1 of the Korean Constitution provides that “Courts-martial may be established as special courts to exercise jurisdiction over military trials.”
Even though the military courts-martial are special courts, they also should be organized on the same constitutional principles as those of the civilian court system. Those are the principles of specialty, independence and democracy.
The court-martial is composed of military judges. The military judges are generally lawyers, but one of three or two of five are non-lawyer judges. The officers of learning and experience in law, who are not lawyers, participate in the trial. And the judgement of the court-martial should be affirmed by the supreme commander of the corps in which the court is established. These may violate the principle of the specialty, independence and democracy in certain points.
As the supreme commander appoints the military judges and non-lawyer judges, and affirms the judgement, the judges are easy to be affected by the commander in the trial. This may result in the violation of the principle of independence.
The participation of the layman in the trial means the trial by the peer. But only the officers appointed by the commander participate in the court-martial even when the accused are private soldiers, and the accused has no rights to reject the non-lawyer judges. This may violate the principle of democracy.
Even though the commander appoints the officer of learning in law to the judge, the non-lawyer judges sometimes have problems even in the construction of the law. This may violate the principle of specialty.
Recently they develop discussions on the judiciary reform. The reform of the military justice system shall be one of the most important topics in such discussions. I think it would be better to abolish the courts-martial during time of peace, and the civilian court shall exercise the jurisdiction over military trials.

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