Climate change transcends national borders, and the rise of abnormal weather phenomena has drawn various non-state actors to the climate negotiation table. This study explores the role of Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) in the evolution of carb...
Climate change transcends national borders, and the rise of abnormal weather phenomena has drawn various non-state actors to the climate negotiation table. This study explores the role of Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) in the evolution of carbon emission trading into Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) within the Conference of Parties (COP) framework.
By analysing documents submitted to the UNFCCC website, TANs ’Websites, and media reviews, this research delineates the strategies employed by TANs in fostering multilateral environmental cooperation. Although documentation is scarce, evidence suggests that TANs' persistent proposals have been incorporated into final policy decisions. This study introduces the concept of "Voice Politics," underscoring that sustained and proactive engagement of TANs fosters trust among stakeholders and enhances their ability to influence policy outcomes. This highlights the role of active non-state actor participation in multilateral negotiations, aiming to advance green technology cooperation.