아동의 특질 정보를 이용한 행동과 마음상태 추론 = Children's behavioral and mental inference by using the trait informations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the developmental change of children's ability to use trait informations for making inferences about behaviors and mental states. A total of 181 kindergarteners, second-graders, and fourth-graders participated in this study. Children were presented two behavioral informations of a story character from which a personality trait could be inferred. Their tasks were to predict and infer the story character's behavior and mental states such as belief, desire, intention, and emotional response. The results indicate that preschoolers have ability to predict behaviors by using the trait informations. However, they could not use the trait informations as a basis for making mental inference. These results suggest that children change from the viewing traits as behavioral regularities to understanding them as causal mediators to produce mental states such as desire, belief, and feeling.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

개인의 고유한 특질이 행동과 마음 상태를 유발하는 인과적 원인임을 이해하는 능력의 발달적 변화를 검토했다. 이를 위해서 유치원생(만5세)과 초등학교 2학년(만7세), 4학년(만9세) 아동에게 행위자의 특질 추론이 가능한 행동 정보를 제시하고, 행위자의 특질 유형, 행동, 및 마음 상태를 추론하게 했다. 그 결과, 특질을 명명하는 능력은 학령 전기에 이미 상당한 수준으로 발달하여 학령기 이후에는 더 이상 변화가 없었다. 특정한 특질을 지닌 사람의 행동을 예측하는 능력 또한 학령전기에 우연수준을 넘어서 학령기 이후까지 발달했다. 그러나 유치원생들은 특질 정보를 참조해서 행위자의 믿음, 바람, 정서와 같은 마음 상태를 우연수준 이상으로 추론하지 못했고, 이러한 능력은 5세에서 7세 사이에 발달했다. 이러한 결과는 특질이 마음 상태의 인과적 원인임을 이해하는 능력이 특질과 행동의 관련성에 대한 이해보다 더 늦은 시기에 발달함을 시사한다.

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