大邱地域社會에서의 精神醫學에 對한 態度의 變化 = A Study on the Changing Attitudes toward Psychiatry

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1970年부터 1975年까지 5年間 慶北醫大病院의 一般醫師 看護員 및 大邱市內에 居住하는 一般人을 對象으
로 이들의 精神疾患과 精神科에 對한 態度의 變化를 알아 보았다.
調査方法은 1) 精神病의 原因, 治療, 豫後 2) 精神病患者에 對한 偏見과 拒否 3) 神經症과 精神生理障碍
및 精神治療 4) 精神科, 精神科醫師, 精神科病棟 等 모두 20項目의 選多式으로 된 設問紙를 使用했다.
이 質問紙로 1970年 3月에 慶北醫大病院의 醫師 看護員 84名과 市內에 居住하는 一般人 143名에게 調査
를 實施하고, 같은 質問紙를 사용하여 1975年에 慶北醫大病院의 醫師 看護員 78名과 一般人 475名을 對
象으로 調査하였다. 一般人은 1970年의 調査對象者와 年齡, 敎育程度, 職業等의 條件이 같은 143名을
1975년의 應答者中에서 選擇하여 比較하였고 醫師 看護員은 年齡, 敎育程度가 거의 同一하다고 보고 그
대로 1970年 調査와 1975年 調査 成績을 統計的으로 比較하였던 바 아래와 같은 몇 가지의 事實을 發見
하였다.
1970년 조사와 1975년 조사를 비교할 때
1. 醫師 看護員群에서
1. 變化가 없는 것은
1) 精神疾患의 原因과 精神病의 精神科的 治療에 對해서는 80% 以上이 올바른 知識을 가지고 있고
2) 80% 以上이 如前히 精神病疾患을 앓았던 사람이면 가까운 關係를 맺기를 꺼려하고 있다.
3) 約 半數의 應答者들은 여전히 精神病患者는 대부분 위험하다고 믿고 있으며 精神科病棟의 開放을 찬
성하는 者들은 30% 程度에 不過하다.
4) 醫師 看護員의 半程度는 綜合病院에서 精神科病棟을 獨立된 建物에 分離시키길 바라고 있다.
2. 變化를 보인 것은
1) 精神科病棟의 全的 開放에는 反對者가 아직많으나 精神病患者에게 보다 人道的이고 自由로운 入院에
찬성하는 者가 增加했으며
2) 精神病을 앓았던 사람이라도 皮相的 關係에서는 그들을 社會的으로 받아드리려는 者가 많아졌고
3) 精神病의 豫後에 대해서는 悲觀的 態度를 나타낸 者가 增加하였고
4) 精經病의 治療는 精神科에서 精神治療를 받는것이라는데 찬성하는 者는 줄고 "수양"이 좋다는 應答者
가 增加하였다.
5) 精神科醫師들에 對한 好意的 態度가 적어지고 그들의 分析的 態度에 不快하다는 態度를 가진者가 增
加하였다.
2. 一般人가운데서
1. 變化가 없는 것은
1) 應答者의 約 1/2이 如前히 精神疾患의 原因과 治療에 대하여 잘 알고 있지못하며
2) 約 30%는 神經症의 治療에 관해서도 알고 있지 못하고
3) 精神病이 모두 위험할 것이라는 態度를 보인 者가 如前히 過半數를 차지하며
4) 70% 以上은 精神生理障碍의 槪念에 對하여 多少 알고 있다.
2. 有意한 變化는
醫師 看護員들과 마찬가지로 精神疾患者들에 대한 보다 人道的 入院方法을 支持하는 者와, 깊은 關係가
아니라면 精神病을 앓은 者라도 社會的으로 받아드리려는 者들이 많아졌다.
그러나 醫師看護員들과는 달리
1) 精神治療의 效果와 精神病의 회복 정도에 對한 期待에서 肯定的인 者가 많아졌고
2) 神經症의 原因에 關해 올바르게 알고 있는 者는 줄어든 反面 "精經의 病"으로 誤解하는 者가 많아졌
고
3) 精神病을 모두 위험시하는 者와 가까운 관계를 꺼려하는 者들이 增加하였다.
(本硏究를 하는데 여러가지로 도와주신 高麗神經精神科醫院의 金政輝 先生과 慶北醫大病院 腦波檢査室의
林美淑孃에게 심심한 감사를 드린다.)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In order to implement the better care for the mentally ill and to promote mental health in
general at the given community, it is utmost important to understand the attitude of the general
public as well as medical professionals toward psychiatry.
In the recent years, it is vaguely believed that the attitude about psychiatry has been much
accepted than ever before, however, no systematic research has been done to confirm on the
subject.
This study is done to compare how the attitude has been changed over the past five years, from
1970 to 1975.
In the year of 1970, we had conducted the study to analyze the general attitude about psychiatry
by using the the questionaire form of multiple choice. The data were obtained from the random
sampling of the staff at Kyungpook University Hospital and the general public in Taegu city.
In 1975, five years later, we conducted the same study to compare with the previous findings by
using the same questionaire form. Though the samples were not the same as the previous one, we
tried to match sex, age and education accordingly.
The summary of the study is made as follows:
A) Among the medical professionals
1) No significant changes in attitude were noted in the following items:
a) More than 80% showed a positive view on the prospect of mental illness.
b) More than 80% were still reluctant to have an intimate relation with the mentally ill.
c) About half of the respondents saw the mentally ill unpredictable and dangerous, and only 30%
favored on the open ward system.
d) In the general hospital setting, half of them were in favor of separating the psychiatric
ward.
2) Significant changes in attitude were noted in the following items:
a) Though they were against opening the psychiatric ward, the increasing trend was exprssed that
the mentally ill should be handled more humanistically.
b) They became more acceptable toward the mental patients, however, at a superficial level
though.
c) They became more pessimistic about the prognosis of the psychotic patient.
d) The increasing numbers had showed the "rest" would be a preferable treatment for the
neurotics.
e) Psychiatrists were viewed lesser humanistic and their assumed analytic eyes made the
respondent quite uncomfortable.
B) Among the general public
No significant changes:
a) About half of them were still poorly informed about the etiology and treatment of the mental
illness.
b) About 30% had still held a misconcept on the treatment of neurotics.
c) More than half had still seen the mentally ill unpredicatble and dangerous.
d) More than 70% were well informed about the psychosomatic concept.
Significant changes:
Likely with medical professionals
a) The increasing trend was expressed that the mentally ill should be handled more
humanistically.
b) They become more socially acceptable toward the mental patient.
Unlikely with the medical professionals,
b) They were becoming more positive about psychotherapy as well as about the prospect of
psychotics.
c) Those who were well informed about neurosis were decreasing in number and they tent to see it
caused by the inflammation of "nerve"
d) The increasing trend was noted in viewing the mentally ill as dangerous and in relutance to
have an intimate relation.