다문화시대 한국 초등학생의 인종에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도발달과 태도변화 = The development of explicit and implicit race attitudes in Korean elementary students and race attitude change in the multi-cultural age

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined how the explicit and implicit race attitudes differ according to age and gender from the developmental perspective in Korean elementary students. The study also investigated the efficacy of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change in elementary school students. This thesis consists of two parts. In Study 1, elementary school students(first grade:117, fourth grade:117) completed Explicit Attitudes Rating Scales, Explicit Preference Test, and Child Implicit Association Tests (Korean-White/Korean-Black/ Korean-Southeast Asian IATs). The effects of age and gender on explicit and implicit attitudes toward Korean/White/Black/Southeast Asian were examined with two-way MANOVA. The results demonstrated that as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias decrease on the explicit level. In contrast, on the implicit level, as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias do not decrease. Rather, prejudiced attitudes toward blacks increase. Study 2 was performed to investigate the effect of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change toward races in elementary school students. The program conveying an anti-bias message consists of three sessions, and the procedures are as follows; watching video clips, confirming contents and short discussion. Two classes in the program and two classes in comparative groups on the first and fourth grade of elementary school were assessed. The results showed that black preference significantly increased both in the first and the fourth grade elementary students on the explicit attitude level, but not on the implicit level. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국 초등학생을 대상으로 인종에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도가 학년에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지 발달적 관점에서 살펴보고, 탈 편견적 메시지를 담은 다문화교육 프로그램이 초등학생들의 인종에 대한 태도변화에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 초등학교 일학년(6세) 117명과 사학년(10세) 117명을 대상으로 명시적 태도검사, 명시적 선호도검사와 암묵적 연합검사(IAT)를 사용하여, 각 인종(한국인/백인/흑인/동남아인)에 대한 내집단선호/외집단 편견적 태도를 살펴보았다. 학년과 성별에 따른 이원 다변량 분산분석결과, 학년증가에 따라 명시적 수준에서는 내집단 선호가 감소하고 외집단선호가 증가하는 반면, 암묵적 수준에서는 오히려 흑인에 대한 편견적 태도가 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 탈 편견적 다문화교육 프로그램을 실시하여 태도 변화에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과, 초등학교 일학년과 사학년생 모두 명시적 태도검사에서 흑인에 대한 호감도가 증가하였다. 그러나 명시적 선호도검사와 IAT에서는 탈 편견적인 방향으로 태도변화가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과들을 이론 및 실제적인 측면에서 논의하였다.

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