2011년 환경부 멸종위기종 등록절차 및 대상 멸종위기종 식물 목록 재고 -과연 현재 국가 멸종위기종 관리가 최선의 방안인가? - = Critiques of ``The Endangered and Protected Wild Species List in Korea`` Proposed by Korea Ministry of Environment and Listing Process ? Is This the Best Process for the Current National Management of Endangered Wildlife and Plants in Korea? -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After having announced legislation for threatened or endangered species on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants in 2005, the Korea Ministry of Environment proposed (in June 2011) amending the list, thereby delisting or reclassifying endangered species using new quantitative criteria for two levels (I and II), as well as status reviews. The new legislation included 40 species remained in their original endangered status, but 19 species were delisted, 5 species were proposed as candidates for delisting, 29 species were given a new endangered listing, and 3 species were roposed for an endangered listing in Korea. We assessed the threatened status of 98 plants using the IUCN Red List Criteria (version 3.1) at the global level, and compared the Ministry`s revised criteria with the IUCN Red List Criteria and ESA criteria used in the USA. Most species proposed by the Ministry do not qualify as threatened and one of the major difficulties found in applying IUCN Red List Criteria at the global scale was a lack of knowledge on the status of species at broader geographic scales and the perceived difficulty this causes. Under the current classification process, many endangered species, such as Abeliophyllum distichum, Leontice microrhyncha, Echinosophora koreensis, Leontopodium coreanum, Iris odaesanensis, and Corylopsis coreana at global level were excluded here. Knowledge gaps and uncertainties mean that the number of taxa at high risk of extinction may be substantially greater than is currently understood. Due to a lack of information on its taxonomic status, currently there is controversy over the Red List status of Physocarpus insularis. Also, Caragana koreana, which was an invalidly published name, should be excluded here. Although the Korea Ministry of Environment insisted this procedure was conducted by applying the modified IUCN threat categories and definitions, this evaluation has been carried out based only on subjective views and misapplication of the IUCN Red List Criteria. The current listings by the Korea Ministry of Environment should be challenged. We suggest that broad species concepts on endemic species are applied and also criteria that adequately address the proper quantitative knowledge should be used. It is suggested that the highest priorities for the Red List should be given to endemic species at least in the Korean peninsula first at global scale.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Environment Agency of Japan, "Threatened Wildlife of Japan -Red Data Book 2nd ed.- Vol. 8. Vascular Plants" Japan Wildlife Research Center 664-, 2000

2 Kim, Y.H, "The first projects report on preservation and recovery strategies of rare and endangered plant species" Korea National Arboretum 546-, 2011

3 Regan, T.J., "The consistency of extinction risk classification protocols" 19 (19): 1969-1977, 2005

4 Cheffings, C.M, "The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain" Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1-116, 2005

5 Oldfield, S., "The Red List of Oakes" Botanic Gardens Conservation International 32-, 2007

6 Gibbs, D., "The Red List of Maples" Botanic Gardens Conservation International 41-, 2009

7 Kim, C.H, "Taxonomic identities of some endemic Korean vascular plants" 30 (30): 355-361, 2000

8 Ministry of Environment, "Release copy of “New process of Endangered species conservation - candidate species conservation”"

9 Son, K.-N, "Red Data Book of DPR Korea (Plant)" MAB National Committee of DPR Korea. Minchuchosensa 177-, 2005

10 Chang, C.S, "Reconsideration of rare and endangered plant species in Korea based on the IUCN Red List Categories" 31 (31): 107-142, 2001

11 Lee, B.C, "Rare Plants Data Book in Korea" Korea National Arboretum, Geobook Comp 332-, 2009

12 Applied Biomathmetics, "RAMAS® Red List ver.2.0"

13 Ministry of Environment, "Portraits of endangered Species of wild Animals and plants In Korea"

14 Sang-Hun Oh, "Phylogenetic Relationship of Physocarpus insularis (Rosaceae) Endemic on Ulleung Island: Implications for Conservation Biology" 한국식물학회 53 (53): 94-105, 2010

15 장진성, "IUCN 적색목록 기준에 의한 환경부 멸종위기 야생동식물종에 대한 평가" 한국생태학회 28 (28): 305-320, 2005

16 IUCN, "IUCN Red List criteria review provisional report"

17 IUCN, "IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission" IUCN

18 IUCN, "Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. IUCN Species Survival Commission"

19 IUCN, "Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.0. IUCN Species Survival Commission"

20 Shin, H.C, "Endangered species listing criteria making and Red List publishing" Soonchunyang Univ 2011

21 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for the Plant Echinacea laevlgata (Smooth Coneflower)" 60 : 64229-64233, 1991

22 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), "Endangered and Threatened Species Listing and Recovery Priority Guidelines" 48 : 43098-, 1983

23 Wang, S., "China Species Red List. Higher Education List"

24 Ministry of Environment, "A public release of“New process of Endangered species conservation - publichearing”"

25 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), "5-Year Review Pygmy fringe-tree (Chionanthus pygmaeus)" South Florida Ecological Services Field Office 29-, 2009