항산화성 비타민 보충 급여가 경기지역 일부 대학생 흡연자와 비흡연자의 혈압과 혈장지질 및 엽산과 호모시스테인에 미치는 영향 = The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation on blood pressure, plasma lipids, folate, and homocysteine livels in smokers and non-smokers of college students in the gyeonggi area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was performed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on blood pressure, plasma lipids, folate, and homocysteine levels in smokers and non-smokersof college male students in Gyeonggi Area. The nutrient intakes were determined by a 24hr-recall method. The subjects were divided into six groups: vitamin C supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin C and E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of anthropometric measurements.
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers than that of non-smokers. There was no significant difference in energy and other nutrients intakes between smokers and non-smokers. In plasma lipids levels, smokers had higher plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol concentration than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers had a tendency to be lower than that of nonsmokers. In smokers, AI, TPH, LPH were significantly higher than that of non-smokers (p < 0.01). Plasma folate, homocysteine levels were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in smokers: In vitamin C supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.01) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). In vitamin E supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In vitamin C and E supplementation group, LPH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in non-smokers: HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by vitamin C supplementation group. Plasma homocysteine level was decreased by vitamin E supplementation group in non-smokers (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that smoking had a tendency to increase plasma lipids levels that factor into the risk of coronary heart disease. It is considered that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers had a tendency to decrease cardiovascular disease than in nonsmokers. (Korean J Community Nutrition 9(4) : 472 ~ 482, 2004)

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "흡연자와 비흡연자의 식이섭취패턴 및 혈청 비타민 수준의 비교" 1995

2 "항산화성 비타민 보충 급여가 흡연자의 식품섭취 및 혈액 성상에 미치는 영향" 1996

3 "한국 성인 남녀의 엽산 영양상태와 혈장 호모시스테인 농도" 34 : 393-340, 2001

4 "농촌지역 알코올 의존자들의 비타민 B 6 및 엽산 영양상태" 33 (33): 257-262, 2000

5 "Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population" 2693-2698, 1993

6 "Social determinants of nutritent intake in smokers and non-smokers during pregnancy" 205-209, 1990

7 "Serum folic acid levels and antipyrine clearance rates in smokers and non-smokers" 201-207, 1983

8 "Relation of cigarete smoking to myocardial infarction in young women" 1273-1276, 1978

9 "Prevalence of hyperho-mocysteiemia in patients with peripheral arterial oclusive disease" mali (mali): -79, 1989180-1188

10 "Plasma total cysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Locus for Homocysteine and Related Vitamins" University of Bergen Norway 103 (103): 2544- 2549, 2001

11 "Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischemic heart disease and cancer" 1368-1377, 1987

12 "Plasma and dietary vitamin C and E levels of tobacco chewers, smokers, and nonusers." 95 (95): 798-800, 1995

13 "Nutrition data collection in the multiple risk factor intervention trial Baseline nutrient intake of a randomized population" 235-140, 1981

14 "Nutrient intake by duration of ex-smoking in the scottish heart health study" 315-32, 1993

15 "Nitration of gamma-tocopherol and oxidation of alpha-tocopherol by copper-zinc superoxide dismutase/H2O2/NO2-: role of nitrogen dioxide free radical" 22 : 12912-12917, 1998

16 "Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurent stroke, myocardial in-farction, and death: the vitamin intervention for stroke prevention (VISP) randomized controled trial" 291 : 565-575, 2004

17 "Local and systemic effects of cigarete smoking on folate and vitamin B 12" 559-56, 1994

18 "Inverse correlation betwen plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cros-cultural epidemiology" 1991

19 "Hyperhomocysteinemia is asociated with an increased risk of cardiovasccular disease, especialy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes melitus: a population-based study." 18 (18): 133-138, 1998

20 "Homocysteinemia due to folate deficiency" (rusis m) : 458-36 462, 1987

21 "Homocysteine and coronary artery disease. Clinical evidence and genetic and metabolic background." 157 (157): 2299-2308, 1997

22 "Homocysteine and atherothrombosis" 338 (338): 1042-1050, 1998

23 "Homocysteine Levels and the Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture" 450 : 2033-2041, 2004

24 "Folate coenzymes of Lactobacillus casei and Streptococus faecalis" 1974

25 "Estimation of the concentration of law density ripoprotein cholesterol without use of the preparative ultra centrifuse" 49-502, 1972

26 "Epidemiologic studies on vitamin A and cancer" Mettlin C 47-65, 1984

27 "Efect of dietary antioxidant combination in humans Protection of LDL by vitamin E but not by beta-carotene" 590-600, 1993

28 "Efect of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 on Clinical Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized Controled Tria." 288 : 973- 979, 2002

29 "Do cigarete smokers have diets that increase their risk of coronary heart disease and cancer? Am J Epidemiol 137" 521-529, 1993

30 "Determination of fre and total homocysteine in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection" 43-52, 1987

31 "Decline in the risk of myocardial infarction among woman who stop smoking" 213-217, 1990

32 "Colorectal cancer and folate status: a nested case-control study among male smokers" 5 (5): 487-494, 1996

33 "Asesment of the roles of vitamin C and beta-carotene in the modulation of oxidant stres mediated by cigarete smoke-activated phagocytes" 1991

34 "Antioxidants defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma" 1748-1752, 1988

35 "Antioxidant vitamin intakes in Scottish smokers and non-smokers" 347-360, 1993

36 "Analysis of dietary fiber content of common Korean foods" 24 : 396-405, 1995

37 "Alterations in leukocyte oxidative metabolism in cigarette smokers" 977-980, 1982