고등교육 국제비교 연구에서 글로내컬(Glonacal) 분석틀에 대한 방법론적 고찰 = A Methodological Discussion on the 'Glonacal' Framework in the Comparative Higher Education

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper presents a new analytical framework for assessing the ways that global effects are filtered through nation-states and individual higher education institutions. The globalization in higher education promotes isomorphism of policy measures across nations and this phenomenon causes comparative education scholars' interests in analysing dynamic tension between the global, national, and local influences on higher education policy and practice. In facing such growing interests, first I reviewed recent development in methodology of comparative higher education. Second, this paper examines the importance of 'glonacal' framework. And third I pointed out the usefulness, limits, and suggestions for improvement of the given framework. The ‘glonacal’ framework is thought of as useful analytical tool in a sense that it has a potential to overcome shortcomings in neo-institutional theories and guides researchers to clearly perceive of what should be investigated for the comparative purpose. With regard to limites of the glonacal framework, it needs to more include a close examination on 'externalization' and the politics of process in borrowing and lending of educational policy at the decision-making levels of global, nation and local. Finally I conclude with the paper by emphasizing global, national and local civil society as an important variable to check and balance internationalization of universities that are based largely on market coordination, believed to increase the competitiveness of higher education institutions. And the paper suggested an alternative framework for comparative higher education in considering three aspects of global, national, and local forces shaping higher education systems and organization in specific cultural layers and vernacular contexts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

각국의 고등교육에 미치는 글로벌화의 영향력이 확대됨에 따라 비교교육학 연구 분야에서도 이에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 고등교육 비교교육 분야는 주로 국가 수준만을 연 구대상으로 하여왔다는 점에서 보다 다차원적인 비교분석틀이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구 는 첫째, 고등교육 국제비교 연구방법론의 최근 동향을 살펴보고, 둘째, 그 성과를 반영한다 고 볼 수 있는 분석틀 중 하나로, 글로내컬(glonacal) 접근법에 대해 고찰한 후, 셋째, 이 분석틀의 유용성, 한계, 보완에 대한 방법론적 논의를 수행하였다. 글로내컬 분석틀의 유용 성으로서는 첫째, 고등교육 국제비교 연구의 주 방법론인 동형화이론이 가지는 일방성의 단 점을 보완해 줄 수 있다는 점, 둘째, 국제비교 연구를 통해 반드시 규명해야할 대상을 명료 화해준다는 점, 셋째, 비교의 수준과 변수를 일치시켜 준다는 점을 들었다. 이 분석틀의 한 계로는 시민사회 영역의 중요성을 간과한다는 점, 둘째, 필요 이상으로 복잡하다는 점, 셋째, 글로벌 압력이 일국과 로컬에서의 문화적 맥락과 정치적 환경에 따라 변용되는 메카니즘에 대한 설명이 부족하다는 점을 들고, 보완적 분석틀을 구안하여 제시하였다.

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