남성과 여성의 언어행위에 관한 사회언어학적 고찰 = A Sociolinguistic Study of Male and Female Linguistic Behaviors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Language has the property of differentiating into a variety of forms and takes the composite strucutre sensitive to concrete contexts in speech communities, coupled with such variables as region, social class, ethnic group, age, education and sex.
In this sense, it is a matter of course that language is differentiated into gender dialects, depending on the differences in sex. The stereotype that women talk much and that they don't let males get a word in edgeways is reflected into proverbs in almost every speech communities. Another widely held view about women is that they hedge and qualify everything they say, as Lakoff, and American linguist, comments.
In this contexts, this paper has discussed the systematic differences in lexicon, phonology, morphology and syntax between male and female languages, and the unequality between them because of complex social factors and dimensions. Therefore it is assumed that the value of female(male) language is determined by the following sociolinguistic universals proposed by Holmes(2000).
(1). Women and men develop different patterns of language.
a. Women tend to focus on the affective functions of an interaction more often than men do.
B. Women tend to use linguistic devices that stress solidarity more often than men do.
c. Women tend to interact in ways which will maintain and increate solidarity, while (especially in formal contexts) men tend to interact in ways which will maintain and increase their power and status.
d. Women use more standard forms than men from the same social group in the same context.
e. Women are stylistically more flexible than men.
In addition, Holmes(2000) analyzes the sociolinguistic universals described above, taking account of cultural, socially-structured, and biological factors as well. Therefore, the female(male) language in reality is the composite structure of the following form;
(2). The female(male) language=abstract language+sociolinguistic universals+cultural. socially-structured and biological factors+.........(........means other factors to be identified through researches in the future)
But for Holmes's sociolinguistic approaches to attain adequacy for the description of sociolinguistic phenomena in the area of sociolinguistics, his sociolingustic universals are to be tested against the data collected across the cultures, and in the different contexts of the same culture.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 성별에 따른 언어변이(Linguistic Variation)
• 2.1 음운적인 변이(Phonological variation)
• 2.2 어휘적인 변이(Lexical variation)
• 2.3 형태적 변이(Morphological variation)
• 2.4 통사적인 변이(Syntactic Variation)
• Ⅲ. 남성 어와 여성어의 불균형
• 3.1 동일한 단어가 보이는 불균형
• 3.2 남·녀와 동물의 암·수가 대칭어가 보이는 언어적 불균형
• 3.3 master/mistress & window/widower의 경우
• 3.4 완곡어(cuphemisms)
• Ⅳ. 성 방언과 사회언어학적 보편소
• 4.1 사회언어학적 보편소
• 4.2 보편소와 관련되는 문화적, 사회구조적 역학 관계 및 생물학적 요인 분석
• Ⅴ. 결론
• <참고문헌>
• <Abstract>