전기자동차 완속 충전 시 커넥터부 접촉 불량에 따른 충전변화 특성에 관한 연구 = A study on charging change characteristics due to poor contact of connector parts during slow charging of electric vehicles

국문 초록 (Abstract)

환경과 에너지 관련 규제의 강화로 인해 전기자동차의 수요와 충전 시설이 빠르게 증가하고 있지만, 전기자동차 충전 과정에서 발생하는 오류는 여전히 해결되지 않은 문제이다. 특히, 전기자동차 충전 장치에서 발생하는 오류는 전기자동차의 신뢰성과 안전성에 직접적인 영향을 끼친다. 이에 따라 전기자동차 충전 시스템에 관한 연구가 중요해졌다. 본 논문에서는 전기자동차 완속 충전 중 커넥터 부에서 발생하는 접촉 불량으로 인한 충전변화 특성을 연구하였다. 실험을 위해 Ioniq-5와 Tesla Model-3 전기차에 완속 충전기(ICCB)를 사용하여 충전하였으며, open circuit 및 poor contact 등의 상황재현과 측정 장비를 설치하여 CP, PP(PD), AC(L1) 단자의 전압 및 전류 파형을 수집하고 충전상태의 변화를 확인하였다. 실험 결과 중 AC(L1) 단자에서 불량 접촉이 발생하면 노이즈가 발생하며 충전전류 공급이 중단된다. 그러나 접촉이 복구되면 충전이 재개되었다.이러한 상황이 반복적으로 발생하는데, 완속 충전 특성상 충전이 긴 시간 동안 이루어지므로 줄-열(Joule’ law H=0.24I²Rt)과 아크(Arc) 발생으로 인해 충전 소켓이 손상되어 화재로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 안전상의 이유로 접촉 불량으로 인한 노이즈 발생 시 충전이 중단되어야 한다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 노이즈 발생을 검출하는 장치 및 제어 로직의 개발로 충전을 중단하는 로직을 시스템에 적용하는 것을 제안한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Demand for electric vehicles and charging facilities are rapidly increasing due to strengthened environmental and energy-related regulations, but errors occurring in the charging process of electric vehicles are still an unsolved problem. In particular, an error occurring in an electric vehicle charging device directly affects the reliability and safety of an electric vehicle. Accordingly, research on electric vehicle charging systems has become important.
In this paper, charging change characteristics due to contact failure occurring in the connector part during slow charging of an electric vehicle were studied. For the experiment, Ioniq-5 and Tesla Model-3 electric vehicles were charged using a slow charger (ICCB), and situations such as open circuit and poor contact were reproduced, and measuring equipment was installed to measure CP, PP (PD), and AC(L1) terminals. Voltage and current waveforms were collected and changes in state of charge were identified.
Among the experimental results, if a bad contact occurs at the AC(L1)terminal, noise is generated and the supply of charging current is stopped.
However, once contact was restored, charging resumed. This situation occurs repeatedly, and due to the characteristics of slow charging, charging takes place for a long time, so the charging socket may be
damaged due to Joule’s law (H=0.24I²Rt) and Arc generation, leading to a fire. Therefore, for safety reasons, charging should be stopped when noise occurs due to poor contact. Based on the experimental results it is
proposed to apply the logic to stop charging to the system by developing a device and control logic that detects noise generation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• LIST OF TABLES ········································································································ v
• LIST OF FIGURES ····································································································· vi
• 제 1 장 서 론 ··············································································································· 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 및 필요성 ··························································································· 1
• 1.2 연구의 목적 ············································································································· 2
• 1.3 연구 내용 ················································································································· 4
• 제 2 장 전기자동차 충전 개요 ········································································· 5
• 2.1 전기자동차의 충전 ································································································· 5
• 2.2 전기자동차의 충전 스테이션 ··············································································· 6
• 2.2.1 전기 자동차 충전기 ······················································································· 6
• 2.2.2 SAE-J1772 표준규격 ················································································· 12
• 2.2.3 OBC (On Board Charger) ······································································· 13
• 2.2.4 충전 포트(Female), 플러그(Male), 콘센트(Female)와 커넥터 ······· 15
• 2.3 완속 충전기의 원리 ···························································································· 16
• 2.4 내부 회로의 구성 ································································································ 17
• 제 3 장 실험 장치의 구성과 방법 ·································································· 18
• 3.1 실험 자동차 및 장비 ·························································································· 18
• 3.2 실험 방법 ·············································································································· 21
• 제 4 장 실험 결과 및 고찰 ················································································ 26
• 4.1 IONIQ- 5 Electric 차량의 파형 분석 ··························································· 26
• 4.2 MODEL- 3 Electric 차량의 파형 분석 ························································ 32
• 4.3 IONIQ- 5와 MODEL- 3 Electric 차량의 파형 비교 분석 ······················ 37
• 제 5 장 결 론 ········································································································ 45
• 참고문헌 ························································································································· 46