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1 박주경, "현대 한국어의장단음에 관한 연구" 11 (11): 121-131, 1985
2 김한샘, "현대 국어 사용 빈도 조사 2" 국어연구원 2005
3 이숭녕, "국어학논고" 동양출판사 1960
4 정명숙, "국어 한자어의 장단음에 대한 실험음성학적 연구" 42 : 285-299, 2000
5 DiCanio, C., "Vowel variability in elicited versus spontaneous speech : evidence from Mixtec" 48 : 45-59, 2015
6 Koopmans-Van Beinum, F. J., "Vowel contrast reduction:An acoustic and perceptual study of Dutch vowels in various speech conditions" University of Amsterdam 1980
7 DiCanio, C., "The interaction of vowel length and speech style in an Arapaho speech corpus" University of Glasgow 2015
8 Kirchner, R., "The Oxford Handbook of Laboratory Phonology" Oxford University Press 2012
9 Lee, G., "Production and perception of Korean and English word level prominence by Korean speakers" University of Kansas 2015
10 Boersma, P., "Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.0.15"
11 Bybee, J., "Phonology and language use" Cambridge University Press 2001
12 Ohala, J. J., "Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior" Chicago Linguistic Society 178-203, 1981
13 Elert, C. C., "Monografier utivna av Stockholms kommunalförvaltning: 27" Almqvist och Wiksell 1965
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18 Bybee, J., "Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure" John Benjamins Publishing Company 1-24, 2001
19 Kang, Y., "Frequency Effects on Vowel Length Contrast Merger in Seoul Korean" 6 (6): 469-503, 2015
20 Hirata, Y., "Effects of speaking rate on the vowel length distinction in Japanese" 32 : 565-589, 2004
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24 차재은, "1930년대의 한국어 음장에 대한 연구 - <보통학교 조선어독본>의 음성 자료를 중심으로 -" 민족문화연구원 (43) : 105-128, 2005