사고 누출 화학물질의 지하수 및 토양 환경 내 거동 및 환경 독성 특성 II: 인화성 물질을 중심으로 = Fate and Toxicity of Spilled Chemicals in Groundwater and Soil Environment II: Flammable

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, formaldehyde and benzene were selected as the arbitrary chemicals in accidental leakage to environment, andtheir physicochemical and biological characteristics and toxicity were studied. Also, the fate of these chemicals in soil andgroundwater was studied based on the results of previous studies. They can be released into the atmosphere as gas or vaporphase, which then can be photochemically degraded. Since they have relatively high water solubility, they are likely to havehigh mobility in water and soil. Volatilization of these chemicals from soil is affected by the soil moisture content.
Biodegradation of formaldehyde and benzene is one of the important pathways as well. Therefore, it is necessary to study theenvironmental impacts of leakage accidents of flammable chemicals such as formaldehyde and benzene. Further research onthe fate of flammable chemicals in the environment is needed to take appropriate response actions to leakage accidents offlammable chemicals, and this will contribute to the development of practical guidelines to cope with leakage accidents.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최재우, "활성탄 함량에 따른 수용성 벤젠의 흡-탈착기작 연구" 고려대학교 대학원 2004

2 강동환, "점오염원 형태의 유류누출 사건에 의한 실트질 토양층에서 BTEX와 TPH성분의 오염도 연구" 대한지질공학회 16 (16): 393-402, 2006

3 남경필, "생물학적 이용성과 Aging 이 오염토양의 정화수준 결정에 미치는 영향" 대한환경공학회 24 (24): 13-2000, 2002

4 Han, T. I., "불산 및 벤젠 실내 저장시설에서의 소량누출에 따른 피해 영향범위선정에 관한 연구" 369-369, 2016

5 강수진, "냉동제조 시설의 암모니아 누출사고 위험 분석" 한국가스학회 21 (21): 43-51, 2017

6 Trost, B., "UV-absorption cross sections of a series of monocyclic aromatic compounds" 31 (31): 3999-4008, 1997

7 Baek, D. S., "Transport and Degradation of Benzene affected by Hydrogen Peroxide and Microorganism in a Sandy Soil" 6 (6): 49-56, 2001

8 Rodin, I. A., "Transformations of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine in soils" 82 (82): 911-915, 2008

9 Boubík, T., "The vapour pressures of pure substances, Vol. 17" Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc 1984

10 Hodson, J., "The estimation of the adsorption coefficient (Koc) for soils by high performance liquid chromatography" 17 (17): 67-77, 1988

11 Petersen, L. W., "The effect of moisture and soil texture on the adsorption of organic vapors" 24 (24): 752-759, 1995

12 May, W. E., "Solution thermodynamics of some slightly soluble hydrocarbons in water" 28 (28): 197-200, 1983

13 OECD, "SIDS initial assessment report for SIAM 14, Formaldehyde (CAS No. 50-00-0)"

14 US EPA, "Reregistration Eligibility Decision for formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde (Case 0556). EPA 739-R-08-004"

15 Neff, J. M., "Produced Water 2" Springer 163-175, 1996

16 Limmer, M., "Phytovolatilization of organic contaminants" 50 (50): 6632-6643, 2016

17 Newman, L. A., "Phytoremediation of organic contaminants: a review of phytoremediation research at the University of Washington" 7 (7): 531-542, 1998

18 Daubert, T. E., "Physical and thermodynamic properties of pure chemicals data compilation" Taylor and Francis 1989

19 "NCIS (National Chemical Information System)"

20 Sengör, S. S., "Modeling contaminant transport and remediation at an acrylonitrile spill site in Turkey" 150 : 77-92, 2013

21 Grbi-Gali, D., "Methanogenic transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols in groundwater aquifers" 8 (8): 167-200, 1990

22 Su, F., "Mechanism of the photooxidation of gaseous formaldehyde" 83 (83): 3185-3191, 1979

23 Kitchens, J. F., "Investigation of selected potential environmental contaminants: formaldehyde" US Environmental Protection Agency 1976

24 Cooke, C. M., "Interaction of formaldehyde with soil humic substances:separation by gfc and characterization by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy" 70 (70): 761-768, 2003

25 Reinhard M., "In situ BTEX biotransformation under intrinsic and nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions" 37 (37): 210-212, 1996

26 Hutchins, S. R., "In Situ Bioreclamation" Butterworth-Heinemann 157-172, 1991

27 Betterton, E. A., "Henry's law constants of some environmentally important aldehydes" 22 (22): 1415-1418, 1988

28 Verschueren, K., "Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals: Vol. 1" John Wiley and Sons, Inc 2001

29 Lyman, W.J., "Handbook of chemical property estimation methods: Environmental behavior of organic compounds" American Chemical Society 1990

30 Wilson, M. A., "Geochemistry in the modern soil survey program" 139 (139): 151-171, 2008

31 Atkinson R, "Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: a review" 1-216, 1994

32 Gerberich H. R., "Formaldeyde. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology" John Wiley & Sons 2013

33 Pickrell, J. A., "Formaldehyde release rate coefficients from selected consumer products" 17 (17): 753-757, 1983

34 TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network), "Formaldehyde"

35 Anderson, T. A., "Fate of volatile and semivolatile organic chemicals in soils: Abiotic versus biotic losses" 20 (20): 420-424, 1991

36 Shin, D., "Factors on fate and toxicity of strong acids in groundwater and soil environment" 2018

37 Hansch, C., "Exploring QSAR: hydrophobic, electronic, and steric constants" American Chemical Society 48 : 1995

38 Atkinson, R., "Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II-gas phase reactions of organic species" 6 (6): 3625-4055, 2006

39 Wilson, J. T., "Effect of biofuels on biodegradation of benzene and toluene at gasoline spill sites" 36 (36): 50-61, 2016

40 US EPA, "EPI SuiteTM - Estimation Program Interface. Ver. 4.11"

41 Mackay, D., "Determination of air-water Henry's law constants for hydrophobic pollutants" 13 (13): 333-337, 1979

42 Hustert, K., "Der EPA-Test-eine Methode zur Bestimmung des photochemischen Abbaus von organischen Verbindungen in aquatischen Systemen" 10 (10): 995-998, 1981

43 Miller, L. G., "Degradation of methyl bromide and methyl chloride in soil microcosms:Use of stable C isotope fractionation and stable isotope probing to identify reactions and the responsible microorganisms" 68 (68): 3271-3283, 2004

44 Haider, K., "Degradation of chlorinated benzenes, phenols and cyclohexane derivatives by benzene and phenol utilizing soil bacteria under aerobic conditions" 96 (96): 183-200, 1974

45 Bekins, B. A., "Crude oil metabolites in groundwater at two spill sites" 54 (54): 681-691, 2016

46 Buxton, G. V., "Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH/O in aqueous solution" 17 (17): 513-886, 1988

47 NITE, "Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results"

48 Cho, S.J., "Characteristics of Adsorption and Movement of Benzene, Phenol, 2,4-DCP in Soil" 9 : 165-170, 2006

49 권용재, "Catalytic and adsorptive degradation of BTEX and diesel compounds by nano-pore ceramic adsorbent" 한양대학교 대학원 2014

50 Zhang, W. X., "Biodegradation of benzene, toluene and naphthalene in soil-water slurry microcosms" 8 (8): 167-175, 1997

51 Howard, P., "Benzene: Environmental Sources of Contamination, Ambient Levels, and Fate - Final Report - Task One" Office of Toxic Substances, US Environmental Protection Agency 1974

52 MacLeod, M., "An assessment of the environmental fate and exposure of benzene and the chlorobenzenes in Canada" 38 (38): 1777-1796, 1999

53 Park, K. C., "An Evaluation of the Fire and Explosion Effect by BTX released in a Chemical Plant" 9 : 9-18, 2000

54 De, S. K., "Adsorption of formaldehyde by Indian clay minerals" 44 : 462-464, 1978

55 이헌창, "API-581에 의한 위험기반검사에서 독성가스의 누출사고 결과분석" 한국가스학회 8 (8): 8-14, 2004

56 IARC, "1992-present, Agents classified by the IARC monographs"

57 US DHHS (US Department of Health., "14th Report on carcinogens"