Broadcast news writing, reporting, and production : Ted White, Adrian J. Meppen, Steve Young

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1 Introduction to Broadcast Journalism = 1
• The Prerequisites - A Good Foundation = 1
• Getting Started = 3
• Understanding Many Roles = 4
• Working Conditions = 7
• Changing Attitudes = 10
• A Typical News Staff = 10
• The Unions = 12
• Minority Opportunities = 13
• Ethics = 15
• Gratuities = 16
• Staging = 17
• Set-up Shots 1= 8
• 2 News judgment = 19
• Impact, Interest, and Information = 20
• Second-Guessing = 22
• Foresight = 22
• Developing News Judgment = 22
• 3 Sources of News = 24
• Wire Services = 24
• Photo Services = 26
• Newspapers = 26
• Other Radio and TV Stations = 27
• Press Releases = 27
• Network and Syndication Feeds = 27
• Local Angles to National and World News = 29
• Phone Tips = 29
• Police and Fire Radios = 29
• The Eyes and Ears of the News Staff = 30
• Futures File = 30
• 4 Information Gathering Techniques = 32
• Interviewing Techniques = 32
• Loading Questions = 33
• A Time for Silence = 34
• Telephone Interviews = 34
• Ending the Interview = 36
• Observation = 36
• Documentation = 37
• The News Conference = 37
• Off-the-record Talk = 38
• Background Briefings = 39
• Leaks and Trial Balloons = 39
• 5 Beats and Assignments for Radio = 40
• City Council = 40
• The Police = 42
• A Crime in Progress = 43
• The Courts = 43
• Covering a Disaster = 45
• 6 Broadcast News Writing = 52
• Some Basic Rules = 52
• Accuracy = 54
• Libel = 54
• Broadcast Writing Style = 55
• Writing for the Ear = 55
• Short and Simple = 56
• Contractions = 58
• Conjunctions = 58
• That and Which = 59
• Prepositions - Aids to Conversational Writing = 59
• Pronouns = 60
• Misplaced Modifiers = 60
• Dropping Verbs - Sometimes = 61
• Says It All = 61
• Active Verbs = 62
• The Present Tense = 62
• Mixing Tenses = 63
• Overuse of Today = 63
• Use of Tonight = 64
• 7 More Style Rules = 65
• Punctuation = 65
• Use of Quotes = 66
• Skipping Initials = 67
• Addresses = 68
• Titles Before Names = 68
• Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Miss = 68
• Age = 69
• Race, Shapes, and Sizes = 69
• People, Not Persons = 69
• Clich$$\acute e$$s = 70
• Transitions = 71
• Attribution = 72
• Attribution Sometimes Is Essential = 73
• Numbers and Statistics = 73
• Decimals = 74
• Pronunciation and Phonetics = 75
• Regional Words = 76
• 8 Originality and Color = 80
• Importance of Rewriting = 80
• Story Length = 81
• Color = 82
• "Newsbreak" = 84
• Emphasis on Writing = 87
• Paul Harvey News = 87
• 9 Lead Sentences and Lead Stories = 90
• Writing the Lead Sentence = 90
• Hard and Soft Leads = 90
• Suspense Leads = 92
• Shotgun Leads = 92
• Negative Leads = 93
• Non-news Leads = 94
• Updating the Lead = 94
• Choosing the Newscast Lead = 94
• Prime Audience = 95
• Local News Priority = 96
• Time of Day = 96
• Daytime Radio = 97
• Nighttime Radio = 97
• Weather = 98
• The Stock Market = 98
• Headlines = 99
• Openings and Teases = 99
• Closers and Kickers = 100
• Good Taste = 100
• Commercial Placement = 101
• 10 Keeping Up with the Copy = 102
• Organizing Your Copy = 102
• A Lineup of Stories = 104
• Writing from the Back = 104
• Costly Decisions = 104
• Dangerous Assumptions = 105
• Hold for Release = 105
• Protecting the Newscast = 106
• 11 Editing and Timing Newscasts = 107
• Cleaning Up Your Copy = 107
• Timing Copy = 108
• Extra Copy = 110
• Backtiming = 110
• 12 Audiotape Inserts = 113
• Actualities = 113
• Going to the Scene = 114
• Voice Reports = 114
• Wraparounds = 114
• Feeding from the Field = 116
• Importance of Editing = 117
• Mixing Voice and Sound = 119
• Ethical Concerns = 119
• Taboo Practices = 120
• Tape Cues and Sheets = 120
• Sound Bite Tags = 121
• Lead-in to Tape = 122
• The Blind lead-in = 123
• 13 TV News Overview = 125
• Introduction = 125
• The Spillover to Networks = 128
• The Cosmetic Set = 128
• Appraising TV's Performance = 129
• Walter Cronkite's Disappointment = 130
• Cable News Network (CNN) = 132
• Scratching Potential = 133
• 14 The TV Assignment Desk = 135
• The Overnight Assignment Editor = 136
• Scheduling Story Possibilities = 137
• The Dayside Editor = 138
• The Evening Assignment Editor = 139
• Assignment Desk Assistants = 139
• The Smaller TV Assignment Desk = 140
• Staying in Touch = 143
• Picking Your Own Story = 143
• The Traffic Desk = 143
• The Spec People = 144
• 15 TV News Reporting = 145
• Developing Skills = 145
• Tools to Carry in the Field = 146
• Types of TV Stories = 147
• Spot News = 147
• The Enterprise Story = 148
• Trend Story = 148
• Police Sting the FBI = 149
• Cutoff and Its Consequences = 154
• Making Every Minute Count = 155
• Time Coding = 157
• Covering the News Conference for TV = 157
• Manners = 157
• Reporter Involvement = 158
• Appearance = 159
• Makeup = 160
• Prompting Techniques = 160
• 16 Beats and Assignments for Television = 163
• City Council = 163
• Political Campaigns = 166
• Crime = 168
• Covering the Courts = 170
• Demonstrations = 172
• Covering a Disaster = 172
• Planning for the 6 P.M. = 175
• It's a Circus = 176
• The Specialty Reporters = 179
• Sportscasting = 179
• Weather Reports = 180
• Consumer News = 181
• 17 Electronic News Gathering = 183
• Microwave Magic = 185
• Live Minicam Reporting = 185
• Justifying the Cost = 186
• ENG and Accuracy = 186
• 18 Constructing the TV News Story = 189
• Cover Footage = 189
• Interviews and Jump Cuts = 190
• Reversals = 191
• The Reverse Question = 192
• Editorial Structure = 194
• Stand-up Opens, Closes, and Bridges = 196
• The Voice-over = 198
• The Package = 199
• Cold Open = 201
• Length of Package = 202
• Instructions from the Field = 202
• 19 Scripting Television News = 203
• Physical Preparation = 203
• Split Page = 203
• Some Basic Rules = 204
• Technical Instructions = 205
• Dealing with Names = 208
• Statistics = 210
• Upcutting = 210
• Writing Style = 210
• Less Is More = 211
• Kuralt Script = 211
• 20 Using the New Hardware = 216
• The ENG Camera = 216
• White Balancing = 216
• Db Boost = 217
• Depth of Field = 218
• The Videocassette Recorder = 219
• Video Camera Techniques = 220
• Editing Techniques = 222
• The Electronic Newsroom = 224
• Some Innovators = 225
• The Do-It-Yourself System = 227
• Electronic Radio Newsroom = 228
• New Production Gadgets = 229
• 21 The Production Team = 238
• Executive Producers = 238
• Newscast Producer = 238
• Need for Energy = 239
• Editors, Associate Producers, and Writers = 241
• The Field Producer = 243
• Story Meetings = 243
• The Technical Side = 244
• 22 The Lineup = 246
• Planning the TV Newscast = 246
• Peaks and Valleys = 247
• The Opening = 247
• Draft Lineup = 248
• Seven Segments = 249
• Tape Outlook = 253
• The 6 P.M. Lineup = 255
• The Late News Lineup = 259
• The Time Factor = 262
• Backtiming = 263
• 23 Investigative Reporting = 265
• Watergate Myths = 266
• Changing the System = 267
• Techniques of Investigative Reporting = 267
• Reliable Sources = 267
• Confidentiality of Sources = 269
• Developing Sources = 270
• Adapting Visuals = 272
• If Your Visuals Are Weak = 272
• Ethics of Investigative Reporting = 273
• The People's Right to Know = 274
• Faking an Accident = 274
• Soul-Searching by "60 Minutes" = 275
• Misrepresentation = 276
• Infiltration = 277
• Impersonation = 278
• The Ambush Interview = 278
• The Trap Interview = 279
• Withholding Information = 280
• Revealing Your Purpose = 280
• Finding the Records - The Paper Trail = 282
• The Courts = 282
• Special Courts = 283
• Government Publications = 283
• Checking on Business = 284
• Securities and Exchange Commission = 284
• Trade Publications = 285
• Land Deals = 285
• Freedom of Information Act = 286
• Obtaining the Information = 287
• The Assault on the FOI Act = 287
• Privacy Act of 1974 = 289
• The Risks of Investigative Reporting = 289
• IRE = 290
• 24 Looking Ahead and Summing Up = 291
• ENG Checklist = 295
• Glossary = 298
• Source Notes = 306
• Index = 309