단기종단연구를 통한 아동기 우울과 학업적-사회적-행동적 유능성의 관계 = The Relations Between Depression and Academic-Social-Behavioral Competence in Children: A Short-term Longitudinal Study

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To investigate the relations between child depression and deficits in competence, data were collected through self-reports and parent reports of depression and perceived competence on 329 sixth-graders near the end of the first and second semesters. Concurrent correlations between depression and competence in three domains (i.e., academic, social, behavioral) were significant. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that academic, social, and behavioral competence at Wave 1 predicted depression at Wave 2 after controlling for gender and depression at Wave 1. Also, depression at Wave 1 predicted academic and behavioral competence at Wave 2 after controlling for gender and competence at Wave 1; however, depression at Wave 1 did not predict social competence at Wave 2 after controlling for gender and social competence at Wave 1. These results imply that reciprocal relations between depression and deficits in academic and behavioral competence may exist but deficits in social competence lead to depression rather than resulting from depression. Implications for the competence-based model of child depression and for interventions with children having depressive symptoms or negative perceptions of their own competence are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 아동기 우울과 학업적-사회적-행동적 유능성의 관계를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여, 초등학교 6학년 329명과 그들의 부모에게 6개월 간격을 두고 2차례(1학기말, 2학기말)에 걸쳐 자기-보고와 부모-보고 질문지를 실시하여 수집한 자료를 분석하였다. 단순상관 분석의 결과, 동일시기에 측정한 우울과 영역별 지각된 유능성 간에 유의한 부적 관계가 지지되었다. 종단적 관계를 검증하기 위한 위계적 회귀분석의 결과, 성별과 1차시기의 우울을 통제한 후에도 1차시기의 학업적, 사회적, 행동적 유능성이 6개월 후에 측정한 우울을 유의하게 예언하였다. 또한, 성별과 1차시기에 측정한 유능성을 통제한 후에도 1차시기의 우울이 6개월 후 학업적 유능성과 행동적 유능성을 유의하게 예언했지만, 사회적 유능성을 예언하지는 못하였다. 따라서 학업과 품행의 영역에서는 유능성 결핍과 우울이 서로 영향을 주고받는 관계를 추론할 수 있지만, 사회적 유능성의 결핍은 우울로 인한 결과가 아니라 우울을 초래하는 원인 또는 선행변인으로 추정된다. 마지막으로, 우울이나 유능성 결핍의 문제를 겪고 있는 아동․청소년의 상담과 지도를 위한 제안을 논의하였다.

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