Organosilicon compounds, particularly allylsilanes, are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis due to their stability, low toxicity, and broad utility. Herein, we report two complementary strategies for the synthesis of linear allylsilanes from a...
Organosilicon compounds, particularly allylsilanes, are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis due to their stability, low toxicity, and broad utility. Herein, we report two complementary strategies for the synthesis of linear allylsilanes from allenes, both employing earth-abundant and inexpensive transition metal catalysts as sustainable alternatives to precious metals. First, a Cu-catalyzed protosilylation of allenes was developed using PhMe₂Si–Bpin as a silicon source and t-BuOH or water as a proton source. This method afforded thermodynamically unstable (Z)-allylsilanes in high yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, and tolerated diverse functional groups, including acidic protons and olefins. Second, a Ni-catalyzed hydrosilylation strategy with 1,1-disubstituted allenes was established, representing the nickel-catalyzed synthesis of linear allylsilanes under H2O condition. Employing Ph₂SiH₂ as hydride and silane source, the reaction furnished desired allylsiilanes in up to 95% yield with >98:2 of linear : branch. Both protocols were amenable to aqueous conditions without using organic solvents. These efficient and selective methodologies highlight the potential of sustainable, cost-effective, and readily available base metals in organosilicon synthesis, providing attractive alternatives to conventional reactions with noble metal catalysts.
Keywords: Allene, Protosilylation, Hydrosilylation, Allylsilanes, Cu-catalyst, Ni-catalyst, On-water