Gross hematuria and kidney consequences after COVID-19 vaccination = 코로나바이러스-19 예방접종 이후 혈뇨와 신장 합병증에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination can result in kidney-related complications such as abnormal urine tests and reduced renal function, which are rare and can only be detected through testing. Macroscopic hematuria, a condition that is easily noticed without the need for special tests, is considered a cause for great concern for most individuals. The current study aimed to examine the frequency of kidney-related complications, with a specific focus on gross hematuria, and to determine its influence on the clinical course of kidney disease.
The retrospective questionnaire survey was performed on the patients visiting Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital's nephrology outpatient department between January 1 and September 30, 2022. The questionnaire included vaccine type, dosage, vaccination date, and complications, including gross hematuria and other systemic symptoms. If gross hematuria occurred, its duration was recorded, and the laboratory parameter was followed up.
A total of 281 vaccinated patients with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis, abnormal urinalysis, or chronic kidney disease were enrolled. Ten gross hematuria events were observed. All the cases were related to the mRNA vaccine (9 with mRNA-1273 of Moderna and 1 with BNT162b2 of Pfizer-BioNTech). Two patients experienced gross hematuria after the first dose of vaccination and eight cases after the second dose. The mean onset time was 1.6 ± 0.8 days, and the duration was 5.0 ± 4.8 days. Fever, headache, fatigue, and chilling were frequent accompanied symptoms. Five patients had already been diagnosed with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy by renal biopsy. Two of the Immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients experienced the aggravation of proteinuria after the gross hematuria event. Five patients were newly diagnosed with glomerulonephritis (3 of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy, 1 of minimal change disease) and systemic disease (1 of rhabdomyolysis).
The mRNA COVID-19 vaccination could provoke gross hematuria and could be related to the new development or aggravation of glomerulonephritis. Physicians should recognize the potential harm of vaccination and carefully monitor kidney function after the gross hematuria event.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction 1
• 2. Materials and Methods 3
• 3. Results 5
• 4. Discussion 8
• 5. Conclusion 10
• REFERENCES 18
• 국문요약 22