국민건강영양조사 자료처리용 식품별 마그네슘, 아연 DB 구축

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구목적 :
- 마그네슘과 아연은 여러 나라에서 key nutrient로 여겨지며, 한국인 영양소섭취기준에 포함되어 있고, 최근 이들의 섭취량과 건강과의 연관성이 보고되고 있어 국민의 건강을 위해 이들의 섭취를 모니터링할 필요성이 커졌다. 그러나 아직까지 질병관리청에는 마그네슘과 아연의 데이터베이스(DB)가 구축되어 있지 않아 이들의 섭취량을 분석할 수가 없다. 또한 기존의 농촌진흥청에서 구축된 마그네슘과 아연 DB는 구축률이 낮아 이용에 어려움이 있다. 따라서본 연구는 2016-2020년 국민건강영양조사(KNHANES)에서 조사된 식품 4,303건에 대해 마그네슘과 아연의 DB를 구축하여 국민건강영양조사의 자료 처리 및 관련 연구에 활용하고자 수행되었다.
마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 및 타당성 평가
- 마그네슘과 아연의 DB 구축을 위해 질병관리청의 식품영양성분 DB의 열량 및 열량영양소와 수분 함량 자료를 기초로 하여 여기에 국내(농진청, 식약처)와 국외(일본, 중국, 미국, 호주)의 DB를 활용하였다. DB 구축을 위한 자료의 질 평가 방법, 자료원 우선 사용 순서, 대체값 적용 등에 대한 원칙을 세웠다. 이에 따라 농촌진흥청 국가표준식품성분표 9.3과 식품의약품안전처 외식 및 가공식품 DB의 식품명과 성상을 매칭하여 우선 적용하고, 매칭되지 않는 식품의 경우 농진청 DB, 식약처 DB, 일본, 중국, 미국, 호주 순으로 대체값을 적용하였다. 대체값 적용은 열량과 수분 비율이 유사할 경우 원재료 값을 그대로 적용하였으나 차이가 나는 경우 고형비를 활용한 계산값을 적용하였다. 또 구축 방법에 대한‘마그네슘과 아연의 DB 구축 지침서’를 작성하였다.
- 한국인 (1세 이상)의 마그네슘 섭취량은 하루 309.9mg (2016년) ~ 290.4mg (2019년)으로 평균 필요량 대비 섭취율은 123.8% (2016년) ~ 115.3% (2019년), 평균필요량 만족섭취분율은 58.7%(2016년) ~ 54.4% (2019년)였다. 한국인의 마그네슘 섭취량은 80%가 식물성 식품에서 비롯되고 있었으며, 곡류, 채소류, 육류, 두류, 어패류가 주요 급원이었다. 한국인 (1세 이상)의 아연 섭취량은 하루 10.3mg (2016년) ~ 10.0mg (2019년)으로 평균필요량 대비 섭취율은 149.2% (2016년) ~ 144.7% (2019년), 평균필요량 만족섭취분율은 73.5% (2016년) ~ 70.9% (2019년)였다. 아연은 어패류, 육류와 같은 동물성 식품에 다량 함유되어 있고 식물성 식품 내 함량은낮지만, 한국인 아연 섭취량의 약 60%가 식물성 식품에서 비롯되고 있었다.
- 성, 연령, 사회경제적요인, 생활습관요인과 총섭취열량을 보정한 후에도 마그네슘과 아연 섭취량은 우울증상 유병위험과 유의한 음의 연관성이 있었으며, 섭취량에 따른 양-용량 반응관계도유의하게 확인되었으나, 전반적인 식사의 질을 보정한 후 마그네슘, 아연 섭취량과 우울증상의 유병위험의 연관성은 관찰되지 않았다.
활용방안 :
- 구축된 마그네슘과 아연 DB는 국민건강영양조사의 자료처리와 관련 연구 및 식품영양정책입안과 영양교육 등에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. DB의 완성도와 활용도를 높이기 위해 지속적인 DB의 업데이트와 질 관리가 필요하다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 ························································································································································ⅰ
• 표 차례 ·················································································································································· ⅳ
• 그림 차례 ·············································································································································· ⅵ
• Ⅰ. 연구결과 요약문 ···························································································································· 1
• (한글) ······················································································································································ 1
• (영문) ······················································································································································ 2
• Ⅱ. 정책연구용역사업 연구결과 ·········································································································· 3
• 제1장 최종 목표 ······································································································································ 3
• 1.1 목표 ················································································································································ 3
• 1. 연구 목표 ········································································································································ 3
• 2. 연구 필요성 ···································································································································· 3
• 3. 연구 범위 ······································································································································ 4
• 가. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 및 지침서 작성 ······································································· 4
• 나. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 타당도 평가 ························································································· 4
• 1.2 목표달성도 및 관련분야에 대한 기여도 ·················································································· 4
• 1. 목표달성도 ···································································································································· 4
• 2. 관련 분야에 대한 기여도 ·········································································································· 4
• 제2장 국내외 기술 현황 ························································································································ 5
• 2.1 국내·외 연구 동향 ···················································································································· 5
• 1. 국내·외 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축에 대한 요구도 ····························································· 5
• 가. 국내 영양전문가들의 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축에 대한 요구도 ··································· 5
• 나. 한국인의 영양소 섭취기준 대비 섭취량 평가에 대한 요구도 ······································ 5
• 2. 국외 국가영양성분 DB 구축 시 마그네슘과 아연의 Key Nutrient 활용도 ························ 6
• 3. 국내·외 마그네슘과 아연 영양소 특성 및 섭취실태 연구 ················································ 7
• 가. 마그네슘 ···································································································································· 7
• 나. 아연 ············································································································································ 8
• 4. 국내 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 현황 ····················································································· 10
• 가. 국내 기관별 식품별 영양성분 DB 구축 현황 ································································· 10
• 나. 농촌진흥청 국가표준식품성분의 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 현황 ······························· 10
• 다. 식품의약품안전처 식품영양성분 DB의 마그네슘과 아연 구축현황 ··························· 11
• 라. 한국영양학회의 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 현황 ··························································· 13
• 5. 식품의 마그네슘과 아연 함량 분석 방법 ·············································································· 13
• 6. 조리에 의한 마그네슘과 아연 함량의 변화 ··············································································13
• 제3장 최종 연구내용 및 방법 ············································································································ 19
• 3.1 연구 목표 ·································································································································· 19
• 3.2 연구 내용 ···································································································································· 19
• 3.3 연구 방법 ···································································································································· 20
• 1. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 ······································································································· 20
• 가. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 과정 ························································································· 20
• (1) 국내·외 자료원의 수집 및 검토 ··················································································· 20
• (가) 국내 자료 ························································································································· 20
• (나) 국외 자료 ························································································································· 20
• (2) 수집 자료의 질 평가 ········································································································· 21
• (3) 데이터 통합 원칙 설정 ····································································································· 21
• (4) 자료 편집 ····························································································································· 21
• (5) 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축을 위한 전문가 자문 ·························································· 22
• 나. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 지침서 마련 ··········································································· 22
• 2. 마그네슘과 아연 섭취량 산출 및 DB 타당도 평가 ····························································· 23
• 가. 구축 DB를 적용하여 우리 국민의 마그네슘과 아연 섭취량을 산출 ························· 23
• 나. 한국인의 영양소 섭취기준 대비 섭취 현황 평가 및 국내외 섭취량과 비교 ············ 23
• 다. 마그네슘과 아연 섭취에 대한 식품군별 기여도와 주요 급원식품 분석 ················· 24
• 라. 만성질환과 마그네슘, 아연 섭취량의 관련성 분석 ························································ 24
• 3.4 연구 추진 일정 ···························································································································· 25
• 3.5 연구개발의 추진 체계 ·············································································································· 26
• 　1. 연구 추진 전략 ·························································································································· 26
• 　2. 연구 추진 체계 ···························································································································· 26
• 　3. 연구진 조직도 ······························································································································ 27
• 제4장 최종 연구결과 ···························································································································· 28
• 4.1 마그네슘과 아연구축 및 질 평가 ·························································································· 28
• 1. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축에 사용한 자료원 ····································································· 28
• 가. 국내 자료원 ···························································································································· 28
• 나. 국외 자료원 ···························································································································· 28
• 2. 수집한 자료의 질 평가 ············································································································ 28
• 3. 마그네슘과 아연 데이터 구축의 원칙 ·················································································· 29
• 4. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 자료 편집 및 데이터 구축 ······························································· 31
• 가. 마그네슘과 아연 DB에 수록한 영양소의 단위 결정 ······················································· 31
• 나. 자료 매칭 순서 ························································································································ 31
• 다. DB 구축을 위한 기존 마그네슘과 아연 DB의 적합도 및 등급화 ······························ 35
• 라. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축을 위한 질병관리청 주무부서 및 전문가 자문의견 수렴
• (부록 1) ······································································································································· 37
• (1) 1차 질병관리청의 주무부서 의견 수렴 ··········································································· 37
• 1) 대체값 적용 원칙의 예외 적용에 대한 주무부서 의견 수렴 결과 ························ 37
• 2) 검토가 요구되는 각 개별 대체식품에 대한 주무부서의 의견 수렴 결과 ················ 40
• 3) 대체값이 없어 적용하지 못한 식품에 대한 주무부서 의견 수렴 결과 ·················· 41
• (2) 2차 질병관리청의 주무부서 의견 수렴 ············································································· 41
• (3) 전문가 자문 의견 수렴 ····································································································· 43
• 1) 고형비 적용이 어려운 염저장 식품의 재료배합비 적용에 관한 의견 ······················ 43
• 2) ‘[0]’처리에 대한 의견 ······························································································ 43
• 3) 마그네슘, 아연 DB 구축 지침서(안)에 대한 의견 수렴 결과 ······································ 44
• 마. 최종적으로 선정된 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 현황 ····················································· 45
• 바. 마그네슘과 아연의 DB 구축 및 지침서 ········································································· 49
• 4.2 마그네슘과 아연 DB 타당도 평가 ························································································· 51
• 1. 우리 국민의 마그네슘과 아연 섭취량 ·················································································· 51
• 2. 영양소 섭취기준 대비 우리 국민의 마그네슘과 아연 섭취 수준 ···································· 58
• 3. 우리 국민의 마그네슘과 아연 섭취량과 국내외 섭취량 비교 ········································ 61
• 4. 우리 국민의 마그네슘과 아연 섭취의 주요 급원 식품 ···················································· 63
• 5. 만성질환과 마그네슘, 아연 섭취량의 관련성 분석 ··························································· 69
• 제5장 연구결과 고찰 및 결론 ············································································································ 75
• 5.1. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축 ······································································································ 75
• 5.2. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 타당도 평가 ·························································································· 76
• 제6장 연구성과 및 활용계획 ·············································································································· 79
• 제7장 정책연구용역사업 진행과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ············································ 82
• 제8장 기타 중요 변경사항 ·················································································································· 83
• 제9장 연구비 사용 내역 및 연구 분담표 ························································································ 84
• 제10장 참고문헌 ···································································································································· 86
• 제11장 첨부서류 ···································································································································· 93
• 부록 1. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축을 위한 질병관리청 주무부서의 의견수렴 결과 ············· 94
• 1차 주무부서의 검토요청 사항 및 검토의견 ·································································· 95
• 2차 주무부서의 검토의견 ·································································································· 123
• 부록 2. 마그네슘과 아연 DB 구축을 위한 전문가 자문의견 수렴 결과 ······························· 124
• 1차 전문가 자문의견 수렴 결과 ···················································································· 125
• 부록 3. 마그네슘과 아연의 DB 구축 지침서 ··············································································· 135
• 부록 4. 식품표시 정보 활용 근거 ·································································································· 144
• 1) 식품표시 정보 활용 근거 ···························································································· 145
• 2) 재료배합비 적용 근거 ·································································································· 152
• 3) 젓갈류의 재료배합비 적용시 참고자료 ···································································· 156