Perilla frutescens Extract Ameliorates Acetylcholinesterase and Trimethyltin Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the critical features of Alzheimer’s disease is cognitive dysfunction, which is, in part, due to decreases in acetylcholine (ACh). The ethanol extract of Perilla frutescens was selected for isolating the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor based on preliminary screening. In vivo behavioral tests were performed to examine the effects of the P. frutescens extract on trimethyltin chloride-induced impairment of learning and memory in mice. A diet containing P. frutescens extract effectively reversed learning and memory impairment on the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. To isolate the active compound from the P. frutescens extract, solvent partitioning, silica gel open column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography were used. The AChE inhibitor was identified as rosmarinic acid.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kim DO, "Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals" 50 : 3713-3717, 2002

2 Sawabe A, "Toward use of the leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. Acuta Kudo (red perilla)with Japanese dietary pickled plum (Umeboshi)" 55 : 413-422, 2006

3 Mann DMA, "The neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease: A review with pathogenetic, aetiological and therapeutic considerations" 31 : 213-255, 1985

4 Rossi F, "Protective effect of Heliotropium foertherianum (Boraginaceae) folk remedy and its active compound, rosmarinic acid, against a Pacific ciguatoxin" 143 : 33-40, 2012

5 Farlow MR, "Pharmacologic treatment of cognition in Alzheimer’s dementia" 51 : S36-S44, 1998

6 Edris AE, "Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: A review" 21 : 308-323, 2007

7 Williams P, "Natural products as a source of Alzheimer’s drug leads" 28 : 48-77, 2011

8 Kim JK, "Inhibitory effect of Poncirus trifoliate on acetylcholinesterase and attenuating activity against trimethyltin-induced learning and memory impairment" 73 : 1105-1112, 2009

9 Ho-Jin Heo, "Inhibitory Effect of Zeatin, Isolated from Fiatoua villosa, on Acetylcholinesterase Activity from PC12 Cells" 한국분자세포생물학회 13 (13): 113-117, 2002

10 Lin CS, "Growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing effect of Perilla frutescens extract on human hepatoma HepG2 cells." 112 : 557-567, 2007

11 Woodruff ML, "Exposure to trimethyltin significantly enhances acetylcholinesterase staining in the rat dentate gyrus" 12 : 33-39, 1990

12 Berchtold NC, "Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s" 19 : 173-189, 1998

13 Shuto M, "Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids prevent trimethyltin from causing neuronal degeneration of the mouse brain in vivo: Involvement of oxidative stress pathways" 110 : 424-436, 2009

14 Kobayashi H, "Effects of organotins on the cholinergic system in the chicken brain in vitro" 6 : 337-343, 1992

15 Shah RS, "Current approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease" 62 : 199-207, 2008

16 Scuderi C, "Cannabidiol in medicine: A review of its therapeutic potential in CNS disorders" 23 : 597-602, 2009

17 Lamour Y, "Alzheimer’s disease: A review of recent findings" 48 : 312-318, 1994

18 Wang X, "Acute trimethyltin exposure induces oxidative stress response and neuronal apoptosis in Sebastiscus marmoratus" 90 : 58-64, 2008

19 McGleenon BM, "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease" 48 : 471-480, 1999

20 Youdim KA, "A possible emerging role of phytochemicals in improving age-related neurological dysfunctions:A multiplicity of effects" 30 : 583-594, 2001

21 Ellman GL, "A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity" 7 : 88-95, 1961

22 Ignat I, "A critical review of methods for characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables" 126 : 1821-1835, 2011