Pre-sale of housing construction has been allowed by law in Korea in order to facilitate the housing construction, but such a system has had the side effects like consumers'' limited choices of houses, active real estate speculations and high housing ...
Pre-sale of housing construction has been allowed by law in Korea in order to facilitate the housing construction, but such a system has had the side effects like consumers'' limited choices of houses, active real estate speculations and high housing prices. Meanwhile, the Korean government suggested project financing and ''mortgage-backed securitization''(MBS) system in an effort to introduce and activate a post-sale of housing construction system. However, such financial systems have still to be effective due to their poor conditions. Since smooth supplies of housing financing should be assumed for a successful establishment of the post-sale of housing construction system, activation of the housing financing system must be essential. The purpose of this study was to review the conditions of project financing and MBS system and address their problems, and thereupon, suggest the reform measures to activate the post-sale of housing construction system focusing on project financing and MBS system.For this purpose, the researcher examined the needs to introduce the post-sale of housing construction system and its spreading effects on housing financing, while reviewing the theories about housing financing to make clear the concept of housing financing system and thereby, reviewed the foreign cases to explore the ways to develop our housing financing system. Then, the researcher reviewed the current legal system for project financing and MBS system suggested by the government to address its problems and put forwards their solutions.Despite government''s efforts, project financing and MBS system show the following problems. The problems involving project financing are (1) there are no legal ground to activate it, (2) the relevant law has some limitations, (3) banks request constructors to offer a security or additional credit with no professional project appraisers and (4) the basic conditions for real estate capital markets are poor. The problems involving the MBS system are (1) although the basic assets for securitization fall short, the basic conditions for expanding them are poor, and (2) the conditions for MBS are poor in the long-term bond markets.The following reform measures have been put forwards to promote the project financing. First, it is necessary to provide for a legal ground by having special law enacted taking advantage of the limited responsible partnership system. Second, it is also necessary to arrange Best-Practice for a sound operation of the project financing loans, while promoting a professional organization to appraise their feasibility. Third, it is essential to expand the scope of the asset owners and enhance utility of the asset securitization. Fourth, it is also deemed necessary to deregulate various indirect real estate investments to promote investments in the real estate capital markets. In order to promote the MBS system, the following reform measures have been suggested. First, it is required to amend Korea Housing Finance Corporation Law to deregulate the MBS. Second, it is necessary to introduce mortgage company and mortgage broker system to expand the basic assets, while introducing a mortgage insurance system to support the homeless people to own their houses and standardizing the MBS to promote its liquidity. Third, it is essential to rearrange the relevant codes to facilitate the MBS. Fourth, it is also essential to deregulate investments by the pension funds to enhance liquidity of MBS.In conclusion, in order to activate post-sale of housing construction, it is necessary to deregulate project financing and MBS by rewriting relevant codes and thereby, create a ground for their activation, while introducing a housing financing system supporting them. What is most important, however, is to activate project financing and MBS system simultaneously and strike a balance between housing demands and supplies, while continuing to reform the housing financing system.