Optimizing Official Development Assistance through Blockchain–eGovernment Convergence: Toward an ICT4T Framework for Regional Development

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study conducts a scoping review to examine how the convergence of blockchain technology and eGovernment can optimize Official Development Assistance (ODA) activities in developing regions by enhancing transparency, accountability, and trust. Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol, literature searches were conducted across five databases—Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley, PubMed, and PLOS—covering publications from 2008 to 2023. Out of 290 records initially identified, only four met the inclusion criteria, indicating a significant research gap in the application of blockchain–eGovernment convergence to ODA and aid management. Findings reveal that while blockchain offers high potential for traceability and transparency in development cooperation, implementation challenges persist, including limited political will, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and a lack of standard guidelines. To address these gaps, this paper proposes an ICT for Transparency (ICT4T) framework, built upon the Hyperledger Fabric architecture, which enables secure, permissioned, and auditable ODA transactions through role-based validation and decentralized consensus. The framework demonstrates how blockchain-enabled eGovernment can strengthen ODA governance, facilitate donor-recipient accountability, and support regional development goals aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Future studies are recommended to empirically test the proposed model and explore its applicability across different developing regions.