<浦項 中城里 新羅碑> 연구의 쟁점과 논의 = Issues and discussions of Research on the Pohang Jungseong-ri Silla-stele

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is prepared to provide a comprehensive review of the research results of Pohang Jungseong-ri Silla-stele(浦項 中城里 新羅碑) over the past 12 years and a foundation for deriving a reasonable interpretation of inscriptions in the future. To date, there are three main issues in the debate related to the Jungseong-ri stele.
The first is a issus of reading inscriptions and the date of construction. The second is the interpretation of verbs such as ‘Gyo (敎)’, ‘Baek(白)’, ‘Seryoung(世令)’ and ‘Wun(云)’. Finally, the third is the issue of understanding the defendant, the plaintiff, and the subject of dispute in the case. First of all, the discussion on the construction date of the stele is directly related to the reading problem of 1st line 5th characters. Some researchers claim that the inscription was built in 441 after identifying the letters of the part as ‘Jung(中)’, but most researchers identify the construction date of the inscription as 501(2nd year of King Jijeung).
The second issue is related to the subject and object of each verb. In the case of ‘Gyo(敎)’ and ‘Baek(白)’, it is a matter of whether characters such as the group of Nama(奈麻集團) are the objects of ‘Gyo(敎)’ or the subject of Baek(白), which is depends on whether they understand of ‘Bonmoja(夲牟子)’ as an official title or as a personal name. The object of 'Baek(白)' is usually understood as the group Jaeng-in(爭人集團), but some researchers understand as the content of the event or include verbs such as ‘Seryoung(世令)’, ‘Wun(云)’, and ‘Tal·Hwan(奪·還)’. In particular, in relation to the character of group of Jaeng-in(爭人集團), a view to understand as ‘group of dispute’, ‘arbitration committee’, and ‘official title’ was suggested, and group of Sa-in(使人集團) is generally understood as the subject of ‘Seryoung(世令)’, but various opinions were raised about the composition of people. There are also conflicting views on the interpretation of ‘Se(世)’ as ‘world’ or ‘that time’. There was a view that the subject of ‘Wun(云)’ was ‘the local ruling class recorded after Seryoung(世令)’, ‘Gyo(敎) or group of Gyo(敎集團)’, and ‘group of Sa-in(使人集團)’. The contents range of ‘Wun(云)’ are generally understood from Dujisaganjigung(豆智沙干支宮)(9th line, 6th characters) to Jakminsaganji(作民沙干支)(10th line, 9th characters), but the opinions about the sentence structure are divided depending on the researcher.
The last issue is a problem that derived mainly from understanding of what ‘Gung(宮)’ is. First, many researchers not only estimated 'Gung(宮)' as a building or family, but also understand that the defendants in the dispute are ‘Dujisaganjigung(豆智沙干支宮) and Ilbujigung(日夫智宮)’. Simultaneously, the plaintiff is understood ‘Modanbeol(牟旦伐)’, ‘Modanbeolhwe(牟旦伐喙)’, ‘Modanbeolhwejakminsaganji( 牟旦伐喙作民沙干支)’ and so on. On the other hand, it is also understood as an individual property. In this case, ‘Dujisaganji(豆智沙干支) and Ilbuji(日夫智)’ are identified as the plaintiffs, and ‘Dujisaganjigung(豆智沙干支宮) and Ilbujigung(日夫智宮)’ are identified as object of dispute. The opinions were presented that the subject of the dispute was Sigeup(食邑), farmland, gold mine, Gung(宮), Jakmin(作民) and so on. Since ‘Baekgu(白口)’ can't be found example in any existing epigraph of Silla, various opinions have been presented on its interpretation. Researchers' interpretations on that word can be categorized into ‘interpretation that emphasizes Baek(白)’, ‘interpretation that emphasizes Gu(口)’, and ‘interpretation that distinguishes between Baek(白) and Gu(口)’. Also, ‘Baekgu(白口)’ can be said to be a verb related to the category of Gyo(敎). Depending on the affiliation of the subject Sa-in Gwaseomoli(使人 果西牟利) and how to understand the nature of the inscription, ‘Yakhusegaengdoinjayeojungjoe(若後世更噵人者与重罪)’ may be included in the Gyo(敎). And some researchers have understood that the sentence was part of the ceremonial erecting of the stele.
The above issues arise because each researcher has a different understanding of the historical situation of the time, such as understanding of name of Bu(部名) and Official-Rank(官等) System of Silla, and the characteristics of Jaeng-in(爭人) and the local ruling class. Therefore, in order to derive a reasonable interpretation of inscriptions, it can be seen that it is necessary to fully review the fact of Silla's local governance in the late 5th and early 6th centuries and the nature of the Heunghae area during the Maripgan(麻立干)-period.